﻿ix. d, 2 Cain: History of the Spa,7iish Normal School 159 



those teachers who cannot be respected by the pupils without resorting to 

 harsh punishment. 



3. Administrative acts of local authorities. — He said that these should be 

 efficient and continuous, and finished his essay by quoting the words of 

 Governors Izquierdo and La Torre. 



After this, the secretary proceeded to the consideration of the essays for 

 the second theme whose subject was A Treatise Concerning the Teaching of 

 Spanish in the Philippines. The envelope in which it was inclosed was 

 opened by the archbishop of Manila, and the author was found to be Don 

 Mariano Leuterio, superior teacher and secretary of the Pedagogical 

 Academy. 



He divided his essay into three parts: Importance of the wide extension 

 of the Spanish language in all parts of the Philippine Archipelago; legis- 

 lative acts conducive to this end; and comments on the Spanish language, 

 showing the difference between language and grammar. 



1. The author began with the statement that language is to the nation 

 as a mother is to her child, the home to the family, and society to the indi- 

 vidual. He went on to prove that the most effective means to spread 

 education, agriculture, industry, and commerce in the Philippines is through 

 the diffusion of the Spanish language everywhere. 



2. This paragraph showed that the author had fathomed the depths of 

 legislation. 



3. This paragraph marked the line between the study of the language and 

 the study of grammar and the methods to be pursued for the acquisition of 

 both. 



After the reading, Don Mariano Leuterio was called to receive his prize 

 from his excellency, the prelate. It consisted of a magnificent geographical, 

 statistical, and historical dictionary of Spain and its domains. He received 

 an ovation from the audience as he took his seat, after receiving the prize. 



The third theme was A Brief Treatise Concerning the Duties of Teachers 

 in the Philippine Islands. The prize was obtained by Don Pedro Serrano. 

 Sr. Baldosano read a part of this composition, which was greatly applauded 

 by the audience. The giver of the prize, Sefior Bores, himself delivered 

 the prize, which was an elegantly bound edition of Monlau's Rhetoric and 

 Poetry. 



There were no papers presented for the fourth theme, and the prize, 

 offered by the superior of the Company of Jesus, was awarded to the essay 

 that got second place in the first theme, whose author was found to be 

 Don Florencio L. Gonzales, vice president of the academy, superior teacher, 

 and director of the College of the Immaculate Conception. The author 

 read a part of this essay, which was greatly applauded by the audience. 

 The prize, consisting of the works of Donosa Cortes, in four volumes, was 

 awarded by the governor-general. 



The secretary then passed to the fifth theme, Discourse on Teaching by 

 the Object Method. Padre Isidoro de la Torre opened the envelope, and 

 the superior teacher and proprietor of the school in Quiapo, Don Pedro 

 Serrano, received the prize, consisting of a book, Heterodozos Espanoles, by 

 Don Marcelino Menendez Pelayo, from the hands of the governor-general. 



After the reading of the records of the secretary was finished, the contest 

 was concluded by a hymn sung by the students of the Superior Normal 

 School. The press of Manila eulogized the great success of the first peda- 

 gogical contest; the director of the Superior Normal School, who had origi- 



