﻿252 The Philippine Journal of Science 1914 



Matsumura records P. xuthus from Hokkaido (Yezo), Honshu, 

 Shikoku, and Kyushu, the Loochoo Islands (Ryukyu), Formosa, 

 Ogasawara (Bonin Islands), Korea, China, Manchuria, and 

 Amurland. He 9 also gives a short life history, accompanied by 

 figures of the imago and larva. He says that there are three 

 broods in the year and that it hibernates in the pupal stage. 

 The nuchal horns of the larva are tolerably long, and the imago 

 emerges in May or June. He refers here, no doubt, to typical 

 P. xuthus which emerges in early summer. In December, 1912, 

 I discovered its existence at an altitude of 2,800 meters (8,300 

 feet) in Luzon, at Pauai (Haight's Place), Benguet subprovince, 

 where I collected 5 specimens. Semper does not record this 

 species from the Philippines, so that it must be regarded as 

 new to the fauna of these Islands. It is interesting to discover 

 that it occurs so far south in the Indo-Malayan subregion at 

 such an altitude. Jordan remarks that this mainly Palaearctic 

 species extends southward to Upper Burma and also occurs in 

 Formosa, the Bonin Islands, and Guam and that Fruhstorfer 

 has based upon a single male from Formosa the subspecies 

 koxinga. I have myself taken P. xuthus in the Formosan 

 mountains, and have observed it in the Japanese Islands from 

 March to August and occasionally in September and October. 

 P. xuthulus, which is the spring brood, appears first, coming out 

 'in March, followed in early summer by P. xuthus. 



In Hokkaido (Yezo), in the extreme north of Japan, where 

 the winter is long and severe, lasting until April, the spring 

 form, P. xuthulus, does not emerge until June and the summer 

 form, P. xuthus, follows in September, which is much later than 

 in the southern latitudes of Japan with a warmer climate. 



Subgenus Cosmodesmus Haase 



Cosmodesmus Haase, Bibl. Zool. Heft. (1892), 8, 15; Seitz, Macrolep. 

 of the World, Faun. Pal. (1906), 1, 14. 



Papilio (Cosmodesmus) sarpedon Linnaeus. 



PL I, fig. 5, young larva; fig. 6, full-grown larva; fig. 7, pupa; fig. 8, 

 food plant. 

 Japanese names, aosuji-ageha and kuro-taimai. 



Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (1767), 1, 2,747; Moore, Cat. 

 Lep. Mus. E. I. C. (1857), 1, 113, PL 3, fig. 8, larva; (Dalchina), 

 Lep. Ind. (1903), 6, 12, PL 471, figs. 1, la-lc, larva and pupa; imago, 

 d 1 $; Pryer, Rhop. Nihon (1886), 5, PL 1, fig. 9; Tokyo Zool. Mag. 

 [Tokyo Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Jap.)] (Aug. 15, 1891), 3, No. 34, 



8 Matsumura, Jap. Injurious Insects [Nihon Gaichuhen (Jap.)] (1899), 

 108, PL 46, fig. 1, imago; fig. 2, larva. 



