﻿ix. d, 6 Robertson: The Igorots of Lepanto 467 



supervision of Mr. W. A. Miller, formerly lieutenant-governor 

 of Lepanto. The various manuscripts were all written in the 

 llocano language, with the exception of that for Mancayan, 

 generally by the presidente or secretary of the township, at the 

 dictation of the old men, and all were translated into English, 

 evidently by a Filipino in the office of the subprovince in 

 Cervantes. There are reports for all the 12 townships of the 

 subprovince; namely, Ampusungan, Angaki, Bagnen, Banaao, 

 Bauco, Besao, Cayan, Cervantes, Concepcion, Mancayan, Saban- 

 gan, and San Emilio. "The material for Bauco," says Beyer, "is 

 quite accurately written, and is more valuable than all that pre- 

 cedes it." The people of Lepanto belong in general to the wild 

 Malayan tribe called Igorots, who are of the same stock as those 

 of the adjoining Benguet subprovince. 3 In as much as the- 



Lepanto-Bontoc, Benguet, and Nueva Vizcaya. Act No. 926, enacted Octo- 

 ber 7, 1903 [Public Laws (1905), 3, 62-77], extended land laws already 

 enacted for other provinces to Lepanto-Bontoc. Act No. 955, enacted Octo- 

 ber 23, 1903 [Public Laws (1905), 3, 110-111], provided a method of taxa- 

 tion, in accordance with Act No. 387 [Public Laws (1903), 1, 914-915]. 

 Act No. 1396, enacted September 14, 1905 [Public Laws (1907), 5], pro- 

 vided for the organization of provincial governments in all the provinces 

 of the Islands, other than Moro Province. All parts of Acts Nos. 387, 410, 

 and 566, at variance with this Act, were repealed. The capital of Lepanto- 

 Bontoc was declared to be at Cervantes. Act No. 1397, enacted September 

 14, 1905 [Public Laws (1907), 5], provided for the establishment of local 

 civil government among non-Christians. The subject of taxation received 

 considerable attention in the above Act. By Act No. 1642 [Public Laws 

 (1908), 6] the subprovinces of Kalinga and Apayao were established and 

 boundaries fixed. Act No. 1876, enacted August 18, 1908 [Public Laws 

 (1910), 7, 131-134], created Mountain Province, with the 7 subprovinces 

 of Benguet, Amburayan, Lepanto, Bontoc, Ifugao (formerly comandancia 

 of Quiangan) Kalinga, and Apayao. The boundaries of Lepanto are still 

 somewhat vague. The Spaniards located it between 16° 45' and 17° 15' 

 north latitude, and between 124° 10' and 124° 45' of longitude east of 

 Madrid. Each of the 7 subprovinces is governed by a lieutenant-governor. 

 Legislation for the province pertains to the Philippine Commission alone. 

 * Since early Spanish days, much confusion has existed regarding the 

 Igorots, and the term Igorot, which simply means hillmen, has been used 

 to designate several distinct peoples. The confusion has been marked with 

 regard to the inhabitants of the districts (now subprovinces) of Benguet and 

 Lepanto who are apparently of one stock, and those of Bontoc who differ 

 from the former. Beyer [Tkis Journal, Sec. D (1913) , 8 f 95] says definitely: 

 "The Bontoks are sometimes wrongly called Igorots, but have no more right 

 to that name than have the Ifugaos. They are a distinct people, occupying 

 a part of the subprovince of Bontok." No adequate classification of the 

 tribes of northern Luzon has yet been adopted, although Worcester has done 

 considerable in clearing up old confusions. A classification based on dialect 

 might perhaps answer all requirements. Worcester [This Journal (1906), 

 1, 834] says: "The line between the territory of the Bontoc Igorots and 



