﻿470 The Philippine Journal of Science wu 



directly from the Spanish, as the translation furnished was very 

 poor and inadequate. All editorial interpolations are inclosed 

 in. square brackets. Some at least of the numerous inclosures 

 in parentheses appear to be explanations made by the translator 

 from Ilocano to English. These are reproduced without com- 

 ment. Excerpts from the manuscripts from the several town- 

 ships are reproduced in alphabetical order, according to the name 

 of the township, and in small type. Each document, or each 

 part of each document, is signed with the marks and names of 

 the old men consulted and by various officials. These are re- 

 produced in no case. Considerable aid in annotation has been 

 given by Mr. H. Otley Beyer of the Bureau of Science. All notes 

 by him are marked with his name. Other aid has been given 

 by Mr. Otto Scheerer of the University of the Philippines, by 

 Mr. Luther Parker and others of the Bureau of Education, by 

 Dr. Merton L. Miller of the Bureau of Science, and by Mr. Otis 

 W. Barrett of the Bureau of Agriculture. 



Lepanto subprovince (see map), obviously named from the 

 celebrated battle, is bounded on the north by Abra subprovince 

 (which belongs to Ilocos Sur) , on the east by Bontoc and If ugao 

 subprovinces, on the south by Benguet subprovince, and on the 

 west by Amburayan subprovince and Ilocos Sur Province. 

 Perez (13) says that all the territories of Lepanto and Bontoc, 

 and a great part of Abra, were formerly called Valle de Cayan, 

 until Lepanto was declared an independent comandancia 5 in 

 1852. Various expeditions were made into the district. Luis 

 Perez Dasmarinas and other officials, in their expeditions to Tuy, 

 in the sixteenth century, and Quirante, in his gold-hunting semi- 

 scientific expedition in 1624, probably entered the boundaries 

 of the present subprovince. Governor Diego de Salcedo dis- 

 patched an expedition to the mountains in 1665. But the early 

 expeditions effected little. The expedition of 1836, dispatched by 

 Governor Pedro Salazar, that of 1877, the earlier work in the 

 Mission of Cayan, the mission work for some years after 1881, 

 and the military occupation beginning with 1852 accomplished 

 more. The term Mission of Cayan comprehended the mission- 

 ary labors for much of Lepanto. However, Christianity never 

 gained more than a slight foothold among the Lepanto Igorots. 



" See the early official guides published during; the Spanish regime; also, 

 Perez, Igorrotes. Manila (1902). The chief official of the comandancia 

 was the comandantc politico militar, who combined in himself all three 

 functions of government. 



