﻿482 The Philippine Journal of Science 1914 



The fourth barrio, named Balintoogan, was lately organized. This place 

 is on a steep side of a large mountain between Bagnen, Sagada, and 

 Besao. The people who are living there came from the villages of Ambasing, 

 Balugang, and Amquileng. They left these (places) on account of the 

 sinking and falling away of the ground and owing to fear they moved 

 to the place which is now called Balintoogan. 



There are no records showing the list of the officials of this town or 

 the time when they served and thus we cannot give a true and exact 

 account but nevertheless those whom we know and have heard of are 

 as follows: 



Names of 24 gobernadorcillos, 6 tenientes mayores, 7 cabezas 

 de barangay, 4 presidentes, 4 vice-presidentes, 11 concejales or 

 councilors, and 2 secretary-treasurers follow. These officials 

 "served since the time of the Katipunan, who are succeeded by 

 the present government," but they are not of sufficient impor- 

 tance to be reproduced here. The manuscript continues : 



A SHORT DESCRIPTION 



The township is situated on the steep sides of the high mountains; 

 the people are very poor, because there is not enough good land for them 

 to work; it is divided into small villages because the people found that 

 the mountain side where they can plant camotes, a little maize, and other 

 vegetables from which they could obtain their food was a rich land; 

 camotes are the important food of the people of this town. There are 

 some small parcels of rice fields owned by the people, but they are very 

 hard to cultivate because they are made along the creeks and on hill- 

 sides, and they look like disarranged steps of vertical ladders; they cannot 

 use carabaos to plow them because they are in such bad places. They 

 must patiently dig and clean them, and then they can plant rice in 

 them. They are always digging camotes, but rice can only be harvested 

 in the time of calgao (dry season) on account of the cold weather in 

 these places. 50 



•RELIGION AND CUSTOMS 



There is nothing to show or any proofs of any true religion which 

 these people possess or follow, but they believe that there is a God and 

 they call Him Cabunian; 40 they believe also in the souls of the dead, 



ments, organized in accordance with the white man's law, there still remain 

 Igorot representatives of the families from which came the chiefs of former 

 days, who have more influence than have any of the present elected officials. 

 Not a few individuals of these families have attained to considerable 

 wealth." 



" See Lillo de Gracia, Distrito de Lepanto, 39-41. See also a description 

 of agricultural methods among the Bontocs by Jenks [Pub. P. 1. Ethnol. 

 Sui~v. (1905), 1, 88-107]. The rice terraces of the Ifugaos are one of 

 the wonders of the Orient. The stone walls, many of which are of 

 great height and exceedingly well made, have an appearance of great age. 



" I doubt if Cabunian is the name of a deity. It is probably a place. 

 In the Ifugao religion it is the name of the sky region where most of 

 the greatest deities dwell. — Beyer. Beyer [This Journal, Sec. D (,1913), 



