Education Department Bulletin 



Published fortnightly by the University of the State of New York 



Entered as second-class matter June 24, 1908, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under 



the act of July 16, 1894 



No. 463 ALBANY, N. Y. January 15, 1910 



New York State Museum 



John M. Clarke, Director ♦ 



Museum Bulletin 135 



GEOLOGY OF THE PORT LEYDEN QUADRANGLE, 

 LEWIS COUNTY, N. Y. 



BY 



W. J. MILLER 



INTRODUCTION 



The Port Leyden, New York, quadrangle of the United States 

 Geological Survey comprises the region lying along the western 

 border of the Adirondack mountains and is included between 

 latitude lines 43° 30' and 43° 45' north and between longitude 

 lines 75° 15' and 75° 30' west. The map covers 1/16 square 

 degree or about 215 square miles of territory, all of which lies 

 in Lewis county except a few square miles extending into Oneida 

 county at the extreme southeast. The Rome, Watertown and 

 Ogdensburg Division of the New York Central Railroad tra- 

 verses the region from north to south through the Black river 

 valley. Port Leyden, Lyons Falls^ Glenfield, Martinsburg, Turin 

 and Constableville are the principal villages. 



This region, like most others along the border of the Adiron- 

 dacks, was at one time a dense forest which has nearly all 

 been cut away, leaving only small wooded areas of second 

 growth. Next to agriculture, the chief industry is the manu- 

 facture of wood pulp and paper, the largest mills being located 

 at Lyons Falls, Gouldsi Mill, Kosterville, Shuetown, Lyonsdale 

 and Port Leyden. The logs used are driven down Moose river. 

 A number of small sawmills are still in operation. 



On the east side of Black river the soil is nearly always sandy 

 and rather unproductive, while on the west side of the river the 

 soil is usually rich and supports a prosperous farming com- 

 munity. The principal products are milk and cheese. 



