54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



pancy of the deepest part of the valley during the existence of the 

 large lake. In his description of the deposits along the Connecticut 

 river, Gulliver has noted similar features and argues that those 

 deposits must have formed before the ice had completely melted 

 from the valley.^ 



The highest water level in this lake was apparently something 

 over 1300 feet at which time an outlet probably crossed the Black 

 river-West Canada creek divide^ near Honnedaga (Remsen sheet) 

 and flowed southward toward Trenton Falls. Possibly the extensive 

 sand deposits near the latter place were formed by this outlet, 

 although West Canada creek may have contributed to their forma- 

 tion. Further retreat of the ice lobe down the Black river valley 

 certainly opened an outlet southwestward past Boonville and down 

 Lansing kill toward Rome causing deposition of the great 

 delta deposits north of the latter place. This delta no doubt 

 formed in Lake Iroquois or rather its broad outlet in the Mohawk 

 valley. This outlet from the glacial lake affords a fine example of 

 a " through valley " to use the term suggested by Davis. The pre- 

 glacial divide was doubtless near Hurlbutville as shown by the 

 widening of the channel both northward and southward from that 

 place; by the existence there of a deep inner gorge; by the ag- 

 graded stream bottom north of Hurlbutville; by the fact that the 

 present stream could not have cut the deep narrow channel north 

 of Hurlbutville and by the right elevation of an outlet there. The 

 lake stood at approximately the 1250 foot level when it started over 

 this divide and it cut down the divide rapidly until the 1140 foot 

 level in the lake was reached. By this time the ice tongue had so 

 far melted as to allow an escape of the water northerly and north- 

 westerly along the west side of the ice tongue and into Lak? 

 Iroquois near Watertown. These north moving waters have left 

 the limestones just west of the river more or less waterworn and 

 possibly some of the minor terraces were formed by them. 



Another lower and very distinct lake level was a little below 800 

 feet and caused by still further ice retreat to allow an accumulation 

 of water back of a barrier at Carthage. The river is still engaged 

 in cutting through this barrier. This lake extended southward to 

 Lyons Falls where it was very narrow. Between Lyons Falls and 

 Carthage the river now shows a very low gradient and the winding 



'Am. Geol. Soc. Proc. 1907. 18:640. 



""The rather recent land movements in the region are not considered. 

 Thus the elevations given are comparative only, but they are not far from 

 the actual lake levels which were doubtless lower. 



