14 BARBOUR: ZOOGEOGRAPHY. 



Annandale has remarked, however, that it is so rare that, according to the Malay 

 crocodile hunters, there is about one of these to 100 of Crocodilus porosus. It is 

 widespread through upper Sumatra. 



The lizards are fifty in number, of which eleven — about twenty per cent, 

 are peculiar to the island. Two genera, Phoxophrys and Lophocalotes, are 

 autogenous. 



As having a bearing on the question of the direct relationship of Sumatra 

 with Borneo, the distributions of the following species are of interest : — 



Spathoscalohotes mutilatus (Gthr.) occurs in Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 



Draco cornutus Gthr. comes from Sumatra, Borneo, and the Sulu Islands. 



Gonyocephalus liogaster (Gthr.) has the same distribution. 



Mahuya rudis Blgr. occurs in Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes, as well as in 

 the Mentawei group of islands. 



It must be confessed that but httle importance is to be given to two of 

 these singular ranges on account of the fact that members of the Gekkonidae 

 and Scincidae are, as is very well known, occasionally carried about accidentally. 



There are one hundred and one species of snakes found on Sumatra, eleven 

 of which are not found elsewhere; and it is interesting to note that while these 

 form but about eleven per cent of the total number, or about half the percentage 

 of the lizards that are autocthonous, the number contains four genera peculiar 

 to the island. These are Anomolochilus, Iguanognathus, Anoplohydrus, and 

 Xenochropliis. Two species, not remarkably different from each other, are 

 interesting in that they represent a genus which has not been found in the Malay 

 Peninsula, while it is known from west Africa and south China. The genus is 

 represented in Sumatra by Opisthotrophis rugosa (van Lidth de Jeude) ; and in 

 Borneo, by 0. typica (Mocquard). The monotypic genus Elapoides is confined 

 to Sumatra and Java. The species is E. fuscus Boie. Calamaria leucogaster 

 Bleeker apparently occurs only in Sumatra and Borneo; while C. sumatrana 

 Edeling, C. agamensis Bleeker, and C. melanota (Jan), as well as Boiga nigriceps 

 (Gthr.), occur in Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 



Other species have distributions which are of interest: — Natrix conspicillata 

 (Gthr.); Dryophis fasciolatus (Fischer), from Sumatra, Borneo, and the Natuna 

 Islands; Lycodon albofuscus (Dum. & Bibr.), from Sumatra, Nias, and Borneo; 

 Psammodynastes pictus (Gthr.), from Sumatra, Riouw, and Borneo; and Tri- 

 meresurus puniceus (Boie) from Sumatra, Natuna, Borneo, and Java. 



It must be admitted that, while Sumatra is the least explored of the Greater 

 Sunda Islands, and while there undoubtedly remains a large number of species 



