80 C. S. PROSSER — PERMO-CARBONIPEROUS AND PERMIAN ROCKS. 



Page 



Lamellibranch fauna above the Manhattan stone 46 



First flint bed above the Manhattan stone 47 



Its character and position 47 



Bed 18 of Meek and Hayden 47 



" Fifth cherty limestone " of Swallow 47 



* ' Wreford limestone ' ' of Hay 47 



Fort Riley section 48 



Professor Hay's investigations 48 



Second flint bed and its correlatives 48 



Fort Riley limestone and its correlatives 48 



Review of the geologic correlation of the Kansas river section. . , 49 



Chart of sections 51 



Conclusion , 54 



Introduction. 



Along the upper course of the Kansas or Kaw river, in the northern 

 part of eastern Kansas, are good exposures of the rocks belonging to the 

 Permo-Carboniferous and Permian systems. The early students of the 

 geology of the state — Meek, Hayden, Swallow, Hawn, and later St. John — 

 clearly recognized the importance of this section, although there was a 

 decided difference of opinion among them regarding the structure and 

 correlation of the rocks. 



The strongest feeling that has ever existed in reference to any question 

 concerning the geolog}^ of Kansas was developed by this controversy, 

 and now that most of the participants in the discussion have passed 

 away, it is interesting to review the arguments and compare them with 

 our present knowledge of these formations. Later writers apparently 

 have not considered to any extent the descriptions of this section, and on 

 this account it also seems advisable to call attention to this early work. 



Review of Previous Work. 

 meek and ha ydews exploration of 1858. 



In the summer of 1858 Mr F. B. Meek and Dr F. V. Hayden studied 

 the Paleozoic rocks of northeastern Kansas, and in January, 1859, pub- 

 lished an interesting account of their observations.* 



Their route was from Leavenworth, first to the southwest, reaching the 

 Kansas river valley near the mouth of Soldier creek and North Topeka; 

 then up the north side of the Kansas and Smoky Hill rivers to the mouth 



* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. xi, pp. 8-30. 



