EXPLORATIONS OF MEEK AND HAYDEN. 31 



of Solomon river; then they crossed to the south side of the Smoky Plill 

 river, followed it to a point near the western boundary of McPherson 

 county, thence east to the head of the Cottonwood valley, which was fol- 

 lowed nearly as far as Cottonwood Falls ; then across the divide through 

 Council Grove and TiOst Si)rino:s to the Smoky Hill river near the mouth 

 of Solomon river, and finally the course was down the south side of 

 the Smoky Hill and Kansas rivers to Lawrence, where they crossed the 

 Kansas river and returned to Leavenworth. 



Between Leavenworth and INIanhattan a number of local sections are 

 described and the thickness of the different layers indicated, with lists of 

 the characteristic fossils, but no continuous general section is given until 

 the mouth of the Big Blue river is reached at Manhattan. From this 

 point the authors state : 



"As our examinations along the Kansas and Smoky Hill rivers . . . were 

 made in more detail, where the outcrops were more frequent and continuous we 

 have, as we believe, been able to trace out the connections and order of succession 

 of the various strata with considerable accuracy."* 



valley from the Cretaceous down, so as to include portions of the up})er 

 Coal Measures," which is composed of forty beds.f Number one is the 

 Dakota sandstone on the summit of the Smoky hills, and the order is de- 

 scending until nuniber 40, composed of Carboniferous shales, is reached, 

 opposite the mouth of the Big Blue river. A brief description of the 

 geologic characters is given ; also lists of common fossils and thickness 

 and location of the different beds. 



5 WA LLO W '5 REPOR T. 



In 1866 Professor G. C. Swallow, state geologist of Kansas, published 

 a " Preliminary Report of the Geological Survey of Kansas, which con- 

 tains a section of the rocks in eastern Kansas." J This section begins 

 with the Quaternary, which is called system I. The base is the lower 

 Carboniferous or formation C of the Carboniferous, which is system VI. 

 The Permian rocks constitute system V, which is divided into the upi)er 

 and lower Permian, § and includc^s niunbers 12 to 84 of the general sec- 

 tion. The statement is made that the base of the lower Permian is 



* Ibid., p. 15. 



tll'id., pp. lG-18. Thi.s section i.s qiioU^d by Dr Newberry in Report upon tlio Colorado river of 

 the West, expedition in 1857-58 of Lieutenant Josc^ph C. Ive<, pt. iii, (b-ol. Uep. liy.J. S. Newberry, 

 1801, pp. 112-114. 



X Pp. f»-29. TJiis section was also published in Vvw. Am. Asso. Adv. St-ienee, vol. b'), bsoT, pj). 57-75. 



gThis division is made in the part termerl the " GeoioKV of Kansas," pp. 42, 4:{, alHioiigh in tlie 

 section the " Upper" is called " the Permian strata," pp. II. 12, nurnbers 12 to 30. and then follows 

 the *' Lower Permian," pp. 12-10, numbers ;il to 84. 



