50 C. S. PROSSER — PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN ROCKS. 



called these upper beds (beginning at the bottom of number 11) Permian, 

 as he states — 



" on the authority of the Eussian geologist, Professor Tscheriij^schew, who visited 

 the neighborhood of Fort Riley in the summer of 1891 in company with H. S. 

 Williams, of Cornell University, and who recognized these beds as similar to typical 

 beds in his own country, whence— in the province of Perm — they had their name." * 



The lower Fort Riley and Manhattan beds constitute the Permo-Car- 

 boniferous rocks of Professor Hay's classification.f 



Meek and Haj^den drew the line between the Permo-Carboniferous 

 and the Permian at the top of their number 11 (the bed of thin lime- 

 stones above the Fort Riley limestone) and called number 10 and the 

 higher beds Permian. This line was based on paleontologic grounds, 

 and was drawn rather as an attempt to conform to the European classi- 

 fication than to represent any decided lithologic or paleontologic change, 

 for it is stated that — 



" The passage from the Carboniferous to the strata containing Permian types is 

 so gradual here that it seems to us no one undertaking to classify these rocks, 

 without any knowledge of the classification adopted in the old world, would have 

 separated them into distinct systems, either upon lithological or paleontological 

 grounds. ' ' J 



These bluish, light gray and red laminated shales, w^ith thin beds of 

 yellowish magnesian limestone (number 10 of Meek and Ha.yden), ac- 

 cording to Meek and Ha3^den, contain Monotis IPseudomonotis] hawni, 

 Myalina perattenuata^ Pleurophorus (?) subcuneata, Edmondia (?) calhomii, 

 Spirigera \_Atliyris\ near subtilita, Nautilus eccentricits, Bakevellia parva, Leda 

 suhscitida, Axinus rotundatus and other species, while the rocks occur 

 '' near Smoky Hill river on high country south of Fort Riley, as well as 

 on Cottonwood creek," and are 90 feet thick. § A "second edition of a 

 geological map of Nebraska and Kansas," published by Dr Hayden in 

 1858, represents the Permian system in northern and central Kansas, the 

 lower line of which crossed the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers some 

 distance west of Fort Riley. || All the beds exposed along the Kansas 



* Eighth Bien. Report Kansas State Board Agriculture, part ii, p. 104, and see " the rocks of Kan- 

 sas " on p. 101. 



In Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol. xiii, 1893, p. 38, Professor Hay says that Professors Tseherny- 

 schew and H. S. Williams "have made a short examination of the section exposed at Fort Riley, 

 and, while agreeing that the lower beds are Permo-Carboniferous, they state that the upper beds 

 . . . are decidedly Permian, the Russian professor assuring me that both faunal and lithologic 

 characters can be duplicated in thePei-mian of his own country." 



t Eighth Bien. Report, part ii, p. 101. 



t Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xi, p. 20. 



g Op. cit., p. 16. 



II Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, June, 1859. On p. 144, foot-note, it is stated that the Permian 

 formation in Kansas is represented on the map '' from information derived from Major Hawn'a 

 explorations." 



