CORRELATION OF THE KANSAS RIVER SECTION. 51 



river, from number 84 at Manliattan to the highest in the vicinity of 

 Fort Riley, belong to Swallow's Lower Permian. Swallow made the base 

 of his Uj)per Permian, bed number 30, which, according to his section, 

 is exposed on Fancy (Riley county) and Turkey (Dickinson county) 

 creeks and the Cottonwood, and is from 126 to 176 feet above the top of 

 the Fort Riley limestone. 



Dr Hayden reviewed Swallow's " Preliminary Report of the Geological 

 Survey of Kansas "'=^ and restated the reasons for Meek and Hayden 's 

 division of tlie u])per Paleozoic rocks of Kansas. Dr Hayden said : 



*'As we ascend in the series we tind that after going some distance above tlie 

 supposed Hne of deniarkation [Swallow's] the Carboniferous species gradually 

 begin to disai)pear and the Permian types become rather more common in particular 

 beds until we have ascended to a point near the horizon Professor Swallow makes 

 the line between the I^pper and Lower Permian, when we find we have almost 

 completely lost sight of the familiar Carboniferous species, a few of which had 

 continued on up to near this point, and see scarcely any but forms such as in 

 Europe would be regarded as Permian types. There is no physical break here, 

 however, nor abrupt change of fossils ; hence INIeek and Hayden regarded the beds 

 below the horizon, down so far as to include most, if not nearly all, of Professor 

 Swallow's Lower Permian, as an intermediate connecting series between the Per- 

 mian and Coal Pleasures, which, if worthy of a distinct name at all from the latter, 

 should be called Permo-Carboniferous, while the beds above they regarded alone 

 as properly the equivalent of the true Permian of Europe." f 



Professor Swallow prepared a paperij: answering Dr Hayden, in which 

 he said in reference to the rocks called Permo-Carboniferous by Meek 

 and Hayden : 



" My principal reason for calling these rocks Permian is that they contain many 

 more Permian than Carboniferous fossils, while Messrs Meek and Hayden declare 

 the preponderance is in favor of Carboniferous fossils."^ 



As stated by Dr II. S. Williams in his chai)ter on " The Permian prob- 

 lem of Kansas and Nebraska : " 



" Professor Swallow's article is controversial and adds little to the settlement of 

 the problem, but brings out clearly the attitudes of the disputants." || 



Chart of Sections. 



On the following chart I have tabulated the beds composing the sec- 

 tions of Meek and Hayden, Swallow, and Hay, and indicated the general 

 correlation of the sections as described by these geologists. 



* Am. Jour. Science, 2(1 .series, vol. 44, July, 1807, pp. 32-40. Dr. Hayden says on p. .32 : " Mr. Meek 

 Im.s furnislied some carefully prepared notes wliicli form the substance of this artiflf." 

 t Ibi.l., p. 37. 



J Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. ii. April, 18GS, pp. 007-520. 

 I Ibid., p. 510. 

 I Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 80, p. 200, 



