BIOLOGIC IJEAlilNG OF CHANGES OF LEVEL. 137 



tion of Hnding such in the remnants of the West Indies. The Alachua 

 mammals lived before the Pliocene elevation. The elevation of the con- 

 tinent by from 8,000 to 12,000 feet produced great climatic differences 

 aflfecting the food supplies; and this may have led to the extermination 

 of the later Mio-pliocene types and their successors, or these last may 

 have not yet been discovered. At any rate, there is no Pleistocene distri- 

 bution of mammals to be considered. Dr J. C. Neal,* who was one of 

 the first to make known the occurrence of the Alachua mammals, 

 thought that the animals frequented an ancient lake. Owing to the 

 great denudation during the Pliocene period and the disturbed aggrega- 

 tion and mixing of the bones in eroded post-Miocene hollows, their 

 accumulation would suggest their being washed from their original 

 burial i)laces into ravines or lake depressions while the land was high ; 

 but if the clays should be found estuarine then the accumulation must 

 have been a little later, during the Lafayette subsidence of the land. 

 Under any circumstances their occurrence in the Alachua clays means a 

 redei:)Osit of the bones in the Pliocene period and not a mid-Pliocene 

 fauna. 



Along the banks of Peace river, near Arcadia, there is a bone bed t 

 with phosphatized rocks about one foot thick lying beneath some 10 or 

 15 feet of sands and upon a few feet of yellow sandy marl. The follow- 

 ing species have been obtained in the river deposits, probably derived 

 from the overlying sands, etcetera. The lists of the mammals were sub- 

 mitted to Professor Cope to arrange their horizons on the geologic scale. 

 It is given by Professor Cope as follows : 



T'ipirus (imericanus. Pleistocene. Hoplophorus eiqihractus^ Pleistocene., 



Elephas columhi, Pleistocene. Manatus antlquus. 



Mddodoii ii\). (notflorldanus)? Priscodelphiniis sp. 



Hippotherium iiu/enKiini, (?) Emys eughjpha. 



Efpnisfi'dtenia.s, Pleistocene. Trionyx sp. 



B'l'son (imeriauias, Pleistocene. Eupnchemys sp. 



Cervus virgiaidnm, Pleistocene. Tediido crassUcuUda. 



M('f/(dony.rjeff'er-sonii^ Pleistocene. AHif/aior mississippien>iis, and a va- 

 Chl(iinydothci-li(i)ihumb()ldtil, VliiiHto- riety of fish remains, including 



cene. teeth of Carchdvodon, Gdleocerdo, 



Glyptodoii prt'diferti.-^, Pleistocene. Myl'whdth^ etc. 



This is a Pleistocene fauna (Cope and Scott). A few species are liv- 

 ing, some are peculiar, l)ut the facies is settled. From Ocala and from 

 Caloosahatchee other bones of Pleistocene species, such as Elephds, EquuSj 



*Same Bull., p. 1-28. 

 tSume Bull., p. 129. 



