BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 Vol. 6, pp. 199-220, PLS. 3-10 FEBRUARY 6, 1895 



RECENT GT.ACIAL STUDIES IN GREENLAND 



Annual Addkkss by the President, T. C. CirAMBKiajN 

 (Bead before the Societij December 2S, ISDJi) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 199 



Object of the studies 200 



Distribution of the studies 200 



Comparison between Ljlaciation of mainland and ( Jreenhmd 200 



Relation of geolo-^ic formations of (xreenland to ^laciation. ... 201 



The effects of latitude on glaciation 202 



Verticalit y of the glacial margin 202 



Stmtification 203 



General characteristics 203 



Debris-layei-s and lamime 204 



Faulting 205 



Origin of the stratification 205 



Behavior of the ice in passing over low prominences 208 



Develoi>ment of blue bands 208 



Summary 209 



Discussion of causes of movements of glaciers 209 



Individuality of ice-layers 209 



Granulation , 210 



Viscosity 212 



Relations of the glaciers to their debris 214 



Wind-drift border 214 



Eskers and kames 215 



Drumlins 216 



Rate of movement of the ice 216 



Glacial drift on aban«loned territory 217 



Are the glaciers advancing or retreating? 217 



Fonner extent of glaciation 218 



Former altitude of Greenland 219 



Introduction. 



Our Society is Htill young and uncontndled l)y precedents. The hope 

 ha.s been ex]»res.se(l that if precodentn shall ))ecorne e.stal)lished they may 

 be expressions of frec(h)ni and individuality ratlior than of limitation 

 and monotony. It lias l)C(.'n thouglit that if tlio presidential athlress 

 shall he confined to reviews and summaries and restricted to special 



XXVm-Iii .1. (i»:oi.. Sue. Am., Vol.. C, 1M94, (199) 



