366 H. L. FAIKCHILD— GLACIAL LAKES OF WESTERN NEW YORK. 



ascent to a total height of 1,500 or 1,800 feet above tide. The narrow 

 valley retains nearly the lake level for 3 miles south from the head of 

 the lake, or to Havana, where begin the morainic and gravel hills which 

 continue with increasing altitude for 8 miles to Pine Valley. From here 

 the valley widens out into a plain with but little change of level for 5 

 miles, to Horseheads, and with a fall of only 40 feet in the next 6 miles to 

 the flood-level of the Chemung river at Elmira. 



From the south Catherine creek drains the moraine-filled valle}^ from 

 near Horseheads and reaches the lake at Watkins. Only small streams 

 flow down the steep slopes of the valley, often with postglacial rock- 

 cutting. The two most notable streams and ravines near the head of 

 the lake are at Watkins and Havana. 



DIVIDE AND CHANNEL. 



The character of the col and its relation to the valleys southward 

 deserve fuller description than can now be given. Through the courtesy 



FiGUKE I.— Outlet of the Watkins Lake. 



of the United States Geological Survey the personal study of the locality 

 has been supplemented by the manuscript of the unpublished Elmira 

 sheet of the New York topographic map, a portion of which has fur- 

 nished the basis of the accompanying sketch. 



The parting of the waters is close to the village of Horseheads, where 

 Newtown creek, draining the eastern highlands, flows south past the 

 village to Chemung river, and Catherine creek heads and flows north to 

 Seneca lake. The true glacial channel, with definite banks and flood- 

 plains, begins at the water-parting three-fourths of a mile north of the 

 village of Horseheads (see figure 1, plate 20). At this point it is about 



