LAKE XEWBERIIY. 463 



and the clear records (^f lake IrcHinois have been ably dij>cns?:ed by Fellows of this 

 Society.* The lacustrine i)heno!nena involved in tiie expansion of the ice-dannned 

 waters over western-central New York and their subsidence from the Warren to 

 the Iroquois levels have not been described. However, in the long interval of time 

 required for the edge of the ice-lnirrier to sweep across the extent of about 200 miles 

 lies an unwritten history to which this and the preceding paper are an introduc- 

 tion. 



This paper suggests the possibility of a southward outlet for the vast glacial 

 waters intermediate in time and elevation between the Chicago and the Rome out- 

 lets. Between these two old outlets the lowest pass with present topography is 

 the former outlet of the Western Erie glacial lake near Fort Wayne, Indiana, which 

 is now 770 feet above the sea, being alxuit ISO feet above the Chicago outlet, but 

 at tiie time of its elliciency it was only about .'>0 feet above that outlet. The next 

 lowest pass, and the one under consideration, is the outlet south of Seneca lake, 

 where the considerable water of the Watkins glacial lake had early excavated a 

 channel over the col at 1 Ioi*seheads, near Ehnira, with a present altitude of 900 

 feet.f The depression of the Finger Lakes region was so great that it is l)elieved 

 ix)ssible that the Horseheads channel was lower than the Chicago channel, which 

 is regarded as having at that time approximately its i)resent altitude. 



For this hypothetical stage of the ice-dannned water at the level of tlie early 

 Watkins lake the name " lake Newberry " is propose<l. 



The Watkins glacial lake should i)roperly be restricted in name to the area of 

 the Seneca valley. The more expandetl lake, which probably united for a time the 

 waters of the Cayuga valley upon the east and the Keuka and Canandaigua valleys 

 upon tlie west, has already been distinguished by a sei)arate ajtpellation as lake 

 Newberry (see reference above), and these coalescent waters at the Horseheads 

 level should i)erpetuate the name lake Newberry, even thougli it should eventually 

 ai)pear that this level was somewhat higher tlian the Warren waters. 



Assuming that no low pass to Hudson bay was uncovered by tiie glacier during 

 the interval under considerati(jn, then lake Warren must surely have si)read its 

 i\oo(\ over all the area of western New York north of the present diviile between 

 the Saint Lawrence and the Susquehanna-Ohio waters up to a height determined 

 by the relation of its outlet to the altitude of the Ontario basin. Whether the 

 Horseheads channel was then low enough to rob the Chicago outlet of the Warren 

 waters is a i)robleni involving the amount of dill'erential depression in southern- 

 central New York. Tiie character and capacity of the Ilorseiieads channel is 

 another element in tlie discussion. t At this time, with a want of evidence, the 

 suggestion is presented, in an argumentative form only, as an hypothesis to be 

 tested by future investigations. The data are given in abstract. The figures re- 

 lating to former elevations or changes of altitude are, of course, not absolute. For 

 most of these data the author is indebted, through publications or correspondence, 

 to the several authors named above. 



•The writings of Messrs Warren Upiiam, J. W. Sponoor, G. K. Gilbert and Kranlc Lcverett upon 

 tiie RJaciiil liilveH are so well Itnown to KColoK'sts tliat it is not <ifenieil necessary to ^ive sjjei-ific 

 refercnee-s in tiiis uii>tnu.'t. Tiiese writings are f<iuniJ in this IJulli-tin. and espi-cially in recent 

 volame-s of tiie Ameriran .Journal of Scienee and tlie American Naturalist. A succinct review of 

 the extinct lakes in the Saint Lawrence i)asin is given l»y Warren Upham in the American Journal 

 of Science, vol. xlix, January, istt'i, pp. 1-1«, with extcndt-d hihliography. 



t-Sce pagefl .'j«y>-;ir.'.» of tills volume. 



I Thin volume, pp. 3C0-:mw. 



LXVI— Bum.. Gboi.. 8oc. Am., Vol. G, 1894. 



