MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SAPERDA 47 



continues to the apex, where it joins the submarginal band. The 

 apex is truncate and usually sinuate in well developed examples. 



Distribution. The elm borer is generally distributed in New 

 York State and has been recorded by various writers from the 

 following additional localities : provinces of Ontario and Quebec, 

 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 

 Kentucky, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa. It was col- 

 lected by Professor Bolles in Texas and at Tyngsboro Mass. by 

 Blanchard. We have also seen specimens from the District of 

 Columbia. It probably occurs in a number of other states. 



Remedies. Badly infested trees should be cut and burned be- 

 fore the beetles have had an opportunity to emerge in the spring, 

 that is before the latter part of May, in the latitude of New York. 

 And in a like manner infested portions of others should be cut 

 away and burned. The latter process was carried out on a lot of 

 1500 elms at Buffalo N. Y. by .Mr M. F. Adams, who reports 

 that the trees were benefited in a most gratifying manner. 



Protecting the trees during the period of oviposition with a 

 carbolic acid wash has been frequently recommended, but is of 

 doubtful utility. Where this insect is very abundant and its 

 injuries correspondingly serious, it would do no harm to try the 

 effects of a wash. One of the best may be prepared as follows: 

 thin a gallon of soft soap with an equal amount of hot water 

 and then stir in i pint of crude carbolic acid, or V2 pint of the re- 

 fined, and allow it to set over night. The next day add 8 gallons 

 of soft water and apply to the parts to be protected, which in 

 the case of this insect would be the trunk and base of the lower 

 limbs. The bark should be kept moist with this substance from 

 the latter part of May through July. 



Removing portions of the bark has also been recommended. 

 The badly infested portion should be cut away and the grubs 

 destroyed, and, where a few are working in living bark, it might 

 be well to remove the upper layers till the grubs are nearly 

 exposed and then brush over the shaven surface with strong 

 kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution, finally covering 

 the wound with a paste formed of a mixture of fresh cow dung 

 and lime or with a coat of cheap, red paint. 



