160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



be made of a proper strength so that it would kill a large propor- 

 tion of the younger scales, and we were in hopes that it would be 

 powerful enough to destroy individuals emerging from females 

 several weeks after application. The basis of these experiments 

 was a standard wash which we had used the preceding spring 

 with very gratifying results on dormant fruit trees. This wash 

 contained 25 pounds of lime, 20 pounds of sulfur to 60 gallon^ 

 of water. It was diluted to various strengths, and an effort made 

 to ascertain whether boiling for 15 or 30 minutes had any material 

 effect on the efficiency of the wash. In addition, a resin solution 

 was used, which is prepared as follows : dissolve 3 pounds of sal 

 soda in 3 quarts of water and add thereto 4 pounds of resin and 

 boil till dissolved. While hot, make up to 5 gallons and keep boil- 

 ing till the resin is well in solution. The resin was added simply 

 to increase the adhesiveness of the Avash, in hopes that if this were 

 done the efficiency of the combination would be materially in- 

 creased. In a few instances the lime-sulfur combination was used 

 with the bordeaux mixture for the purpose of testing the value 

 of this combined wash. The preparation and application of the 

 washes was the work of Assistant G. M. Walker, who is also re- 

 sponsible for many of the field observations. The following table 

 gives in a summarized form the various ingredients of the different 

 washes and their effects on trees and scale and also the conditions 

 under which they are applied. These experiments were conducted 

 in our experimental orchard at Clinton Heights near the western 

 boundary of East Greenbush. 



