REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GEOLOGIST 1903 85 



Caledonia. About a mile east of the village of Caledonia is a 

 large cedar swamp which contains some peat, though the quantity 

 is not great. The value of this swamp lies in the extensive deposit 

 of marl which is found here and is used in the manufacture of 

 Portland cement by the Iroquois Portland Cement Co. The sur- 

 face vegetation could not be ascertained on the occasion of the 

 author's visit, on account of snow, but the top layer of vegetable 

 matter is hardly worthy of the name of peat, as it consists of 

 about a foot or a foot and a half of light partially decomposed 

 vegetation. Beneath this layer is a lenticular stratum of marl, 

 which is underlain by a deposit of peat or lignite about a foot 

 thick. The upper marl deposit has a maximum thickness of about 

 6 feet and thins out to nothing, so that the two layers of vegetable 

 matter come together and form one deposit. The lower stratum 

 of vegetable matter consists of the trunks of trees intermingled 

 with compact peat, and underneath it is another deposit of marl, 

 which is continuous to a depth of 14 feet from the surface of the 

 swamp. The alternations of peat and marl in this case can hardly 

 be explained except on the supposition that the floating bog on 

 the surface of the lake which once covered this space, sank in the 

 manner described in a former chapter. 



Several deer antlers have been found at this place, but it is 

 unknown whether they came from the upper or lower bed of vege- 

 table matter, as they were found in the cement factory when the 

 marl w^as being put into the drier. 



PART 6 



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