GEOLOGY OF THE VICINITY OF LITTLE FALLS 37 



Folds 



Since the rocks dip to the south and west, it follows that they 

 rise in altitude going north. In mapping the formation boun- 

 daries it was soon discovered that the rise was not regular, but 

 that a given rock horizon would remain at approximately the 

 same altitude for a distance, then rise rather suddenly to a 

 greater altitude, which was then held for a time, to be followed by 

 another sudden rise. The sudden rises are indicative of rather 

 steep (5°) southerly dips, followed by very flat dips which may 

 be either southerly or northerly. These changes are plainly 

 shown in the topography also, as will appear later. They are 

 most marked in the near vicinity of the faults and are perhaps 

 somewhat involved with them, but they are by no means confined 

 to such situation. 



About Middleville the dips bring out the fact that there has 

 been a doming up of the rocks into a low arch there, in the center 

 of which erosion has cut down to the pre-Cambrian. Southward 

 from Middleville the Beekmantown-Lowville contact drops in alti- 

 tude at the rate of about 100 feet to the mile. Northward from 

 Middleville the northwest dips carry it down in that direction 

 also, though much less rapidly, only about 20 feet to the mile. 

 Three or four miles to the north, these are again replaced by the 

 steeper southwest dips, and the contact rises in altitude. Here 

 is therefore an instance of precisely the same sort of gentle fold- 

 ing that is in evidence along the fault lines. 



In East Canada creek the same sort of thing is well brought 

 out. At Ingham Mills the Beekmantown is exposed in the creek 

 bed, with the Lowville, Black river and Trenton above. Just 

 north of Ingham a rather steep northwest dip sends the four 

 formations in rapid succession below the creek level. Sixty rods 

 farther north, changed dip brings the Trenton again to the sur 

 face, and it so continues to the fault line, forming a low arch, 

 since the dip changes again to the northwest before the fault is 

 reached. 



So far as observed, the axes of all these folds trend from east 

 and west to northeast and southwest and pitch to the west and 



