Report of the State Entomologist 



297 



Riley-Howard : in Insect Life, i, 1888, p. 31 (of broods v and x in 1888), 



p. 298 (distribution of brood viii in 1889), p. 324 (precursors of brood 



viii). 

 McNeal : in Insect Life, i, 1888, p. 50 (precursors in 1888 of brood v). 

 MuRTFELDT \ in Kept. Commis. Agricul. for 1888, p. 135 (trees killed in 



Illinois). 

 Barlow : in Insect Life, iiy 1889, p. 342 (larva in its gallery). 

 March : in Rept. Commis. Agricul. for 1889, p. 218 (food, injuries, enemies). 

 Webster : in Insect Life, ii, 1889, p. 161 (brood ?viii in the 17th century). 

 ScHWARz : in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1889, pp. 230, 248 (of brood viii near 



Washington). 

 (The above are additional to the references given in the 2d Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1883.) 



The regular appearance of the successive broods of this remarkable 

 insect at the long intervals of seventeen years — the longest life-period 

 of any known species — has been fully established, and the limits 

 of the twenty-two broods that occur throughout the United States 

 have been approximately ascertained and mapped. Of these, six only 



Fig. 24.— The seventeen-year Cicada — Cicada sbptendecim: a, the pupa; 6, the pupa 



case ; c, the mature insect. 



are recognized as occupying some part of the territory of the State of 



New York. The years of their appearance are so well known to 



entomologists, and by them usually announced in advance through 



the public press, that the event is always looked forward to with no 



little interest. 



The Periodical Cicada at Tivoli, N. Y., in 1890. 



The present year, 1890, is not one of the New York " cicada years." 

 When, therefore, the announcement was made of the appearance of 

 the insect at a locality on the Hudson river, where it was not due 

 until 1894, it could hardly be credited, and it was naturally questioned 

 if some other species bad not been mistaken for it, notwithstanding 

 the authoritative source from which the information came. 



Mr. Frederick Clarkson, of New York city, wrote me on June 7th, 

 from Tivoli-on-Hudson, that he had that day captured on the piazza 



