Report of the State Entomologist 345 



of the season the bushes were green and beautiful, and free from 

 slugs. This strong stream of water I found was a most admirable 

 thing. It blew the plant-lice off my currant bushes; it thoroughly- 

 discouraged the web-worm on my shade trees; it made the little ants 

 which build their little mounds on my lawn and in the cracks of my 

 brick wall, tired of life; and, best of all, it broke up the nests and 

 completely disheartened the English sparrows which built in the ivy 

 and over the windows of my house. Where it is available, therefore, 

 pure water, " without trimmings," when thrown with a sufficient force, 

 is a good insecticide. 



I would heartily indorse the above communication of Mr. Howard. 

 I have every confidence that a rather coarse spray of water thrown 

 with force will serve to rid us of the injuries of many other pests 

 than those above named. It will be efficient against the little white 

 rose-leaf hopper — probably the Tettigonia rosce of Harris (which, as 

 Mr. Uhler has informed me, belongs to the genus Anomia, and is dis- 

 tinct from the European rosce). It should also be equally efficient 

 against the several species of small leaf-hoppers, Erythroneura vitis, 

 and others, that infest the grapevine, particularly if employed against 

 them in the early larval stages. It should be destructive to all of 

 the plant-lice that can be directly reached by the spray. The 

 efficiency of rains in arresting attacks of the apple-tree aphis and the 

 hop-vine aphis has long been known. If these delicate insects can be 

 knocked from their food-plant while their beak is inserted into it, the 

 smallest portion of the tip of the beak left behind them in the plant 

 would prevent further feeding and necessarily prove fatal to them. 



Fungicides and Insecticides Combined. 

 The multiplication and extension within a few years of plant 

 diseases, which have been ascribed to high culture, large production, 

 and extended areas devoted to special crops, have rendered it neces- 

 sary that these, as well as insect ravages, should enlist the attention 

 of, and be earnestly fought by, the horticulturist. Many of these 

 diseases among those which are of a fungoid nature, promise to be 

 controlled, if not conquered, by the use of the Bordeaux mixture.* 

 If the fungi and the insects could be simultaneously controlled, it is 

 evident that time, labor, and expense would be saved. The advantage 

 resulting from combining London purple with Bordeaux mixture in 

 killing the Colorado potato -bug and preventing the potato rot, has 

 been shown in experiments made; and there is every reason to believe 

 that other insects and other fungoid attacks may be similarly treated 

 with great success. 



*0f the different formulae for this, perhaps the best is: Six pounds of sulphate of 

 copper dissolved in 4 gallons of hot water; 4 pounds of lime dissolved in 4 gallons 

 of cold water ; mix and dilute with cold water to 22 gallons. 



