Eeport of the State Geologist. '13 



acters are touched upon to some extent, no wide difference in 

 these respects from adjoining regions being noted. The writer, 

 however, describes a calcareous layer at the very base of the 

 Portage shales, not elsewhere observed, but of especial interest 

 from the fact that it contains species of the typical Portage 

 fauna commingled with those of the Ithaca group. The dip of 

 the rocks is considered at some length and shown to be quite 

 variable from local or general disturbances. 



Under the head of economic geology are considered all the 

 rock products of the county, their mode of exploitation, treat- 

 ment and economic value. These are clay, brick, tile, limestone, 

 sandstone, plaster, road metal, natural gas and water power. 



The paper is abundantly illustrated with photograpliic views, 

 sections and maps. 



General Palaeontology. 



It has been considered desirable to incorporate in this report a 

 translation of the work of Felix Bernard, the nature of wnich is 



indicated by the following brief synopsis. 



THE PKINCIPLES OF PALAEONTOLOGY. 



By Felix Bernard. 



[Extracted from Bernard's Elements de Paleontologie, Paris, 1895.] 



This lucid and full presentation of the principles and objects 

 which inspire palaeontologic investigations of the present day 

 has been translated by C. E. Brooks, and is incorporated in this 

 report for the benefit of American students to whom Bernard's 

 entire work may not be accessible. No other writer has suc- 

 ceeded in setting forth so clearly the actual condition of the 

 science, its relations to other departments of knowledge and the 

 inherent importance of the problems with which it is wholly 

 concerned. The subject is treated in five chapters, each with its 

 subordinate divisions, and the following statement of contents 

 will convey an idea of the scope and importance of the work : 



Chapter 1. The Object of Palaeontology. Historical Sketch. 



Sec. I. The Relations of Palaeontology to the other sciences. 

 Definition; Palaeontology and Biology ; Palaeontology and 

 Geology. 

 Sec. 2. History of Palaeontology. 



