^6 Eepoet of the State Geologist. 



Let figure 3 represent the neighborhood of the northern end 

 of Seneca lake. G = Geneva village. On the west the lake is 

 filled with drift, found by borings to be 212 feet deep ; but on 

 the east the floor of the lake is here mostly rock. Opposite A 

 and B, on a still day, one may see the flat surfaces of shale, with 

 geometric joints, under the water, at 350 feet from shore, the 

 water being there three and five feet deep in the present low con- 

 dition of the lake (October, 1895). The rock bluffs are 20 and 30 

 feet high, respectively, indicating a slope of 1:16 and 1:10 prior to 

 the modern lake erosion which gave rise to the cliffs. 



The summits of A and B are elongated north and south* 

 Their lower bulks of rock run down into the lake, with axes 

 more E-W, which is a normal attitude of side hills toward the 

 main valley, i. e., the lake bed. The supposed ancient valleys of 

 side streams tributary to the river occupying the lake bed are 

 indicated by " Drift," between A-B and B-C. One still carries 

 a stream ; the other does not. The drift is of moderate thick- 

 ness, probably a couple of feet, on the lifts of rock, and exceed- 

 ing 30 feet in places in the sags. 



This case is not isolated, but presents the key to the excessively 

 flattened lakeside topography. All along the lake the rock alter- 

 nately forms low lifts and depressions of a mile or two in length, 

 rising from 5 to 60 feet and more, and sinking correspondiogly 

 beneath the lake. The dip beneath may equal the rise above the 

 lake, northerly ; but from Willard, south, the only important dip 

 is at Lamoreaux, the rest being a Wall of cliff. 



There are no bends, synclinal or anticlinal, of sufficient import- 

 ance to account for these hills. Farther to the south there is a 

 slight anticlinal of 15 feet in the heavy green shale of the "hog 

 back " in the eastern part of the Willard Hospital property, west 

 of Ovid. This ridge runs E-W, and is divided by. a 30-f ot cut 

 through which the Lehigh Yalley road passes. 



Other E-W hills occur west of Bearytown. In this curious 

 group the eastern half consists mainly of shale. There is a 

 very good exposure of the basal Hamilton limestones in the 

 creek which bisects the group ; and roadside exposure of shale 

 {with glacial strige) farther west, on the N-S ridge. The 

 three-branched cluster has the aspect of being composed of drift; 

 and its S-E prolongation to and across the brook strongly 



