Geology of Seneca County. 69 



to overlie the clay- sheet. It is disposed in irregular ridges and 

 low hills, which are conspicuous as one travels by rail from 

 Waterloo to Geneva, and, in fact, over most of Waterloo ; but 

 southward, near the Seneca river, its contours are chiefly due to 

 local drainage (swales and ridges). These sands are continuous 

 with kame deposits on the north. 



Further remarks on tbe clays are deferred to a later section. 



The northern half of Seneca Falls township is neither clay nor 



sand in the main, but largely till or " loamy and moderately 



stony." 



Drumlin Belt. 



To complete the account of the sand deposits, it would be 

 necessary to describe those surrounding the kame and those 

 fringing the drumlin belt along its southern edge. These will 

 be mentioned in place. 



The two townships of Junius and Tyre are nearly covered with 

 long ridges of till for the most part, straight and narrow, with 

 axes nearly N-S. They belong with the series described by 

 Johnson in 1882, and which is well known as covering a large 

 part of Monroe and Wayne counties. They extend much farther 

 west, however, than Monroe, and form an important part of the 

 geology from Auburn to Syracuse. 



When observed, the material of these ridges consists of till of 

 a buff-brown color, containing striated subangular stones as is 

 usual. A thin layer of sand is sometimes seen on the top. 

 Much of the level ground is also stony, with evidence of till, 

 though clay is found in many spots and a moderate amount of 

 vegetable deposit or muck. 



The country, irrespective of these ridges, is nearly level, but 

 has a slight fall to the north and a moderate fall in all directions 

 from the West Junius kames. 



The largest of these ridges is much inferior to those of Wayne 

 county, but may reach 80 to 100 feet in height. From this they 

 grade downward to little ridge-like elevations of five feet in 

 height and a furlong in length. Even these are quite distinct to 

 the eye, rising from the uniformly level plain. The north ends 

 are often bluff and the south ends tail off to a general equality 

 with the plain. When they happen to be short this justifies the 

 name of " tadpole hills." Some, however, by their length sug- 



