Geology of Se]xeca County. Y3 



in and immediately around the kame diminish to hillocks farther 

 south. 



The sand is a buff red, of various shades, quite fine, composed 

 of angular and partly rounded grains of quartz with reddish 

 clayey matter adhering to them. Its fertility is variable. 

 Rather numerous stones are found on the surface and in sections, 

 in the main portion, growing scarce at the border. 



Mr. Boughton, surveyor, of Waterloo, informed me of a belt 

 of "white sand" running E-W in the low ground north of Black 

 Brook. " The Pines " is a popular name for a part of this dis- 

 trict; its scenery suggests the southern Atlantic coast. The sand 

 is gray from admixcure of vegetable matter; ics loss of color is 

 probably due to the deoxidizing action of the latter upon the iron 

 of the red sand. It is commonly considered very poor land, but 

 it has good crops of vegetables if well treated. 



The scenery of the kame district is very irregular. The gravel 

 is mostly in the north center, in ridges and humps. The sand 

 hills on the south are in part high E-W ridges, occasionally two 

 or three running parallel with narrow valleys between. The 

 features are morainic ; except where drainage has evidently gov- 

 erned, as is the case in the westerly sand-slope with its parallel 

 channeling. 



We may assume that this group of deposits marks the debouche- 

 ment of some ice river at the edge of the ice-sheet, into an 

 enlarged and deeper Seneca-Cayuga lake. If so, the signs of the 

 river must be sought in fluviatile deposits on the north. 



Two lines of such deposit are traceable, running nearly N-S, 

 and ending in or near the kame. Sand and. gravel are found in 

 each ; the deposits of the two materials being distinct and un- 

 mingled. 



Beginning two miles north, the eastern line begins with rolling 

 hiUs ot small height, followed by an abrupt hill of gravel, of 

 morainic shape, much higher. This gravel-bluff pushes south as 

 a high, flat ridge of very sandy till-material, or sand with many 

 till-stones; the sides very much incised with channels of drainage; 

 descending to the plain just before reaching the kame. 



The western line comprises one or more drumlins coincident 

 with trains of sand and gravel. Beginning two miles north and 

 tracing it south : 



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