110 Repoet of the State Geologist. 



two and one-half, three and four inches. The length of all is the 

 same, 16^ inches before baking, 14^ after. The total product of 

 the current year is 160,000 of all sorts, nearly two-thirds of the 

 whole being two inch (round) pipe. The average value of all is 

 two cents a piece. The sale is local. 



Mr. Whiteside, Waterloo village, makes brick. The yard is 

 east of the village on rising ground. The clay is " red " only, 

 i. e., dark chocolate without lamination, four feet thick, resting on 

 "gravel;" is said to extend two miles back from stream, where 

 it is succeeded by what appears to be till. The owner claims 

 that the clay is superior to that of Geneva, retaining its shape 

 better ; it is very " strong " (tenacious), and one-fourth sand is 

 added to make it workable ; contains a few striated pebbles and 

 traces of lime concretions. The sand is " red " (buff), and fine, 

 occurring in scattered knolls on top of the clay ; not building 

 sand, but equivalent to that of West Junius. A pug engine and 

 crusher are used, which "grinds as fine as coarse meal ; a stone 

 as large as a finger nail causes air-slaking and splits the brick." 



Production this year, 300,000 ; none for three years previous ; 

 can make 25,000-27,000 in a day, requiring 1 8 njen. 



A brick yard was seen at the western boundary of Waterloo, 

 adjoining Geneva, not at present in operation. 



Frank Seigferd, Seneca Falls, just outside village on north, 

 ground level, not elevated. Two kinds of clay ; upper six feet 

 red, exclusively for brick, the rest down to 10 feet, blue, for 

 tiles only. They are not mixed. Top layer of 10 inches is dark 

 from vegetation ; it is included and worked up with the red clay. 

 Brick shrinks one-half inch in " each dimension ; " blue clay 

 " shrinks too much for brick making, and is too sticky, adhering 

 to the mould." A machine for tile making and one for brick, 

 horse power ; three men. Product not over 225,000 this year. 



Willour & Pontius have made tile in Fayette for 25 years. 

 Their plant is in the valley, west of West Fayette station. 

 There is one or two feet of red clay on top, and an unknown 

 depth of blue below it, the drainage allowing only a few feet of 

 excavation. They make "15 kinds of agricultural tile." They 

 state that the possession of two sorts of clay is an advantage, 

 the red being tougher and better adapted to making horse-shoe 

 tile. They employ three hands; were off six weeks this year 

 for farming reasons, and made five kilns = 150,000 tile. 



