The Principles of Palaeo^sttology. 207 



Algiers and in Asia Minor ; it extends through Egypt as far as 

 Mozambique, Madagascar and the Indies. It is defined by the 

 abundance of Ammonites already mentioned and by the develop- 

 ment of coral reefs. These diverse facies extend throughout the 

 entire globe, in corresponding latitudes, notwithstanding the 

 barriers formed by vast continents. Toward the south, in the 

 southern hemisphere, the temperate facies reappears, and we find 

 even the Aucellas in New Zealand ; the Cape country. South 

 America and Australia belong to this antarctic temperate facies. 

 (Neumayr.) 



The Corals more and more approach existing forms, and 

 seem to require the same conditions of temperature to form 

 considerable reefs. 



Their northern limit notably trends toward the south ; the 

 phenomenon is a very general one, and does not depend, as might 

 be thought, solely on the elevation which is apparent, for instance, 

 in the basin of Paris at the close of the period, and the result of 

 which is the appearance of a muddy condition unfavorable 

 to the building of reefs. Toward the Kauracian epoch, the 

 Coral reefs are already much farther to the south than during 

 the Carboniferous. They abound around the Paris basin, in 

 the south of England, in Switzerland, in Suabia and in Galicia. 

 During the Tithonic period they are found in the region of the 

 Jura and the Alps. 



Climate of tJia Cretaceous epoch. — The Cretaceous, and espe- 

 cially the Upper Cretaceous, shows, in all that regards the 

 marine fauna, precisely the same climatic zones as the Jurassic, 

 but still more clearly defined ; the boundaries are the same in 

 their general lines, but their contour becomes more regular, and 

 tends to approach the geographic parallels. 



The zones of distribution of the flora, also, are no less clearly 

 defined; this, as has been seen, had given no very interesting 

 results later than the Carboniferous ep ch. N"ow, on the con- 

 trary, the evolution of vegetable forms becomes more marked, 

 and their distribution becomes important. The Firs make their 

 appearance in Greenland, at 70° of latitude, and the first Angio- 

 sperms, as yet but little differentiated, appear in the Cretaceous 

 of Portugal (de Saporta, 1891). 



The Coral reefs continue to recede toward the south ; the 

 Turonian limestones with Kudistes, where they are represented in 

 their finest development, appear in the Corbi^res, in Provence, in 

 the.Salzkammer^ut and the Styrian Alps. They are not found 

 at the end of the Cretaceous period, since the regions in question 

 are occupied by lacustrine or salt water formations. 



Climate of the Tertiary epoch — In the Tertiary the evidence 

 becomes more and more abundant and precise. 



During the Eocene and Oligocene the northern limit ot the Corals 

 remains sensibly the same as during the Cretaceous; they are 

 found in the Corbieres, in Switzerland, in the Yicentin, etc.; they 



