568 Report of the State G-eologist. 



of large sparsely-tabulated tubes (autopores) separated by 

 smaller closely-tabulated tubes (mesopores), and the former of 

 these possessing radial structure of the nature of septa or 

 pseudosepta. 



2. The Monticuliporoids increase by fission as well as by gem- 

 mation, whereas the recent Bryozoa appear to be uniformly 

 characterized by a gemmi parous mode of development, which 

 varies in its precise detail in the various groups. Moreover the 

 gemmation of Monticuliporoids is intermural, and is precisely 

 similar to that which obtains among the Favosttid^. 



3. Coenenchymal gemmation occurs in the FiSTrLiPOKiD^, this 

 mode of growth being otherwise characteristic of IIeliopora 

 and the Heliolitid^e. 



4. The walls of the tubes in the Monticuliporoids are imperfor- 

 ate, while in the calcareous Bryozoa the skeleton seems to be 

 almost always (probably always) perforate, and the cavities of 

 contiguous cells are usually placed in direct communication by 

 means of connecting foramina or tubes. 



5. The abundant development of tabulae in the Monticulporoids 

 is a feature in which the organisms resemble a large number of 

 undoubted corals. 



6. Certain Monticuliporoids possess in their autopores radial 

 folds or plications which may be compared with the pseudosepta 

 of Heliopora; while others {Monticulipora mammulata) '^o^^q^s 

 radially disposed calcareous spines, which are closely similar to 

 the septal spines of Favosites, of String pora and of certain 

 species of Heltolites. 



On the other hand there are the following considerations which 

 would point to a relation between the Monticuliporoids and the 

 Bryozoa, or which, at any rate, would more or less diminish the 

 importance of some of the features above mentioned as showing 

 Coelenterate affinities of these organisms. 



1 The polyzoary of Hetbropora (which is undoubtedly a 

 Bryozoan*) consists of large tubes scattered among small ones, 

 though there does not seem to be any essential difference in the 

 structure of these respectively. 



* Waagen says: " It may suffice to have proved that the systematic position of Heteropora is by no 

 means certain. * * * If Heteropora, from a cai-eful study of its animals, should ever be proved to 

 be a Bryozoan, then also the Favositid.e would have to be removed to the Bryozoa." 



