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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Life-History. 
  

  

  The 
  period 
  required 
  by 
  this 
  insect 
  to 
  complete 
  its 
  life 
  cycle 
  is 
  at 
  

   least 
  one 
  year 
  and 
  is 
  probably 
  several. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  upon 
  

   the 
  bark 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatching 
  therefrom 
  are 
  nearly 
  full 
  

   grown 
  before 
  winter, 
  according 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Fitch. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  

   Dr. 
  Packard, 
  writing 
  in 
  December, 
  1870, 
  mentions 
  finding 
  " 
  three 
  

   dift'erent 
  sizes 
  of 
  the 
  larvae, 
  evidently 
  one, 
  two, 
  and 
  three 
  years 
  old, 
  

   or 
  more 
  properly 
  six, 
  eighteen, 
  and 
  thirty 
  months 
  old." 
  This 
  latter 
  

   statement 
  has 
  evidently 
  been 
  overlooked 
  by 
  more 
  recent 
  investigators, 
  

   and 
  no 
  attempt 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  true 
  period 
  of 
  

   development. 
  Possibly 
  the 
  beetle 
  may 
  complete 
  its 
  transformations 
  in 
  

   one 
  year, 
  yet 
  the 
  allied 
  round-headed 
  borer 
  of 
  the 
  apple-tree, 
  Saperda 
  

   Candida, 
  requires 
  three. 
  The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  or 
  grub 
  stage. 
  

   Pupation 
  occurs 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  April 
  in 
  central 
  Illinois, 
  and 
  imagoes 
  

   may 
  emerge 
  from 
  early 
  in 
  May 
  until 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  June 
  in 
  that 
  lati- 
  

   tude. 
  In 
  Massachusetts, 
  Harris 
  records 
  taking 
  living 
  beetles 
  repeatedly 
  

   from 
  early 
  June 
  to 
  the 
  loth 
  of 
  July. 
  Mr. 
  Harrington 
  has 
  taken 
  the 
  

   beetle 
  June 
  15th 
  in 
  Canada. 
  

  

  Associated 
  Insects. 
  

  

  An 
  ally 
  of 
  the 
  Saperda 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  Neoclytus 
  eryihrocephalus 
  (Fabr.). 
  

   This 
  insect 
  appears 
  to 
  feed 
  mostly 
  on 
  dead 
  wood, 
  apparently 
  following 
  

   the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  pernicious 
  species. 
  Occasionally 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  

   numbers 
  in 
  trees 
  infested 
  with 
  Saperda 
  tridentata. 
  It 
  may 
  feed 
  in 
  

   such 
  places 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  dying 
  tissues 
  left 
  by 
  its 
  predecessor. 
  As 
  an 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  its 
  abundance, 
  the 
  following 
  may 
  be 
  noted 
  : 
  From 
  a 
  section 
  

   of 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  an 
  elm, 
  three 
  inches 
  long 
  and 
  six 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter, 
  in- 
  

   fested 
  by 
  the 
  Saperda 
  and 
  brought 
  to 
  my 
  office 
  about 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  April, 
  

   eleven 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  Neoclytus 
  emerged 
  between 
  April 
  29th 
  and 
  May 
  

   12th, 
  1882. 
  Large 
  numbers 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  bred 
  from 
  other 
  portions 
  of 
  

   the 
  affected 
  tree 
  secured 
  later 
  — 
  sixteen 
  examples 
  on 
  the 
  23d 
  of 
  June, 
  and 
  

   others 
  thereafter 
  until 
  July 
  ist. 
  It 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  reared 
  by 
  me 
  from 
  

   hickory, 
  from 
  twigs 
  of 
  locust, 
  and 
  from 
  pear 
  twigs 
  infested 
  with 
  Xyleborus, 
  

   received 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Pomroy 
  of 
  Lockport, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  It 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  

   figure 
  3 
  of 
  plate 
  VII. 
  Another 
  insect 
  found 
  associated 
  with 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  

   dead 
  wood 
  of 
  infested 
  elms 
  is 
  the 
  Curcuhonid, 
  Magdalis 
  annicollis 
  

   (Say). 
  This 
  insect 
  usually 
  attacks 
  the 
  upper 
  branches, 
  but 
  also 
  occurs 
  

   with 
  the 
  Saperda 
  and 
  Neoclytus 
  in 
  the 
  trunk. 
  

  

  