﻿REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  STATE 
  ENTOMOLOGIST 
  285 
  

  

  under 
  consideration; 
  yet, 
  though 
  I 
  have 
  studied 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  various 
  

   colonies 
  of 
  the 
  Cicada 
  with 
  some 
  attention, 
  I 
  am 
  quite 
  at 
  a 
  loss 
  for 
  any 
  

   explanation 
  of 
  the 
  phenomena 
  that 
  will 
  bring 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  scope 
  of 
  the 
  

   theory 
  according 
  to 
  which 
  all 
  our 
  organs 
  and 
  faculties 
  are 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  

   formative 
  influences 
  progressively 
  developed 
  through 
  a 
  long 
  line 
  of 
  

   ancestry. 
  

  

  In 
  whatever 
  way 
  the 
  problem 
  shall 
  be 
  solved, 
  it 
  has 
  seemed 
  to 
  me 
  of 
  

   sufficient 
  interest 
  to 
  warrant 
  placing 
  the 
  facts 
  on 
  record. 
  

  

  Are 
  the 
  Successive 
  Broods 
  Dwindling 
  in 
  Number 
  ? 
  

   The 
  long 
  term 
  of 
  years 
  elapsing 
  between 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  brood 
  

   renders 
  it 
  difficult 
  to 
  obtain 
  satisfactory 
  answers 
  to 
  this 
  question 
  from 
  

   more 
  than 
  a 
  few 
  localities. 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  confined 
  to 
  localities 
  

   within 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York: 
  

  

  At 
  New 
  Windsor 
  they 
  were 
  reported 
  fully 
  as 
  abundant 
  in 
  1894 
  as 
  at 
  

   the 
  two 
  preceding 
  visitations 
  in 
  i860 
  and 
  1877. 
  They 
  were 
  much 
  more 
  

   abundant 
  at 
  Hillsdale 
  and 
  in 
  greater 
  numbers 
  at 
  Johnsville 
  than 
  at 
  the 
  

   former 
  appearance. 
  Mr. 
  Frederick 
  Clarkson 
  reports 
  them 
  less 
  abundant 
  

   in 
  Westchester 
  county, 
  v*^hile 
  at 
  New 
  Brighton 
  and 
  Livingston 
  they 
  were 
  

   much 
  more 
  numerous 
  than 
  he 
  had 
  ever 
  seen 
  them, 
  the 
  ground 
  being 
  a 
  

   network 
  of 
  holes 
  in 
  many 
  places. 
  At 
  Nyack 
  they 
  were 
  perhaps 
  not 
  as 
  

   plentiful 
  as 
  in 
  1877, 
  although 
  80 
  holes 
  to 
  the 
  square 
  foot 
  could 
  be 
  counted 
  

   in 
  places, 
  and 
  at 
  Rock 
  City 
  they 
  were 
  equally 
  abundant. 
  There 
  were 
  

   about 
  the 
  same 
  number 
  in 
  1894 
  as 
  in 
  1877 
  at 
  Clermont, 
  Claverack, 
  and 
  

   Marlboro, 
  and 
  not 
  so 
  many 
  at 
  Bairytown. 
  They 
  were 
  evidently 
  losing 
  

   ground 
  at 
  Heath, 
  for 
  they 
  were 
  fewer 
  in 
  1894 
  than 
  in 
  1877, 
  and 
  then 
  not 
  

   so 
  numerous 
  as 
  in 
  i860. 
  One 
  report 
  gives 
  not 
  so 
  many 
  at 
  Clarksville 
  in 
  

   1894, 
  while 
  another 
  states 
  that 
  they 
  covered 
  more 
  space 
  but 
  were 
  not 
  so 
  

   plentiful 
  where 
  they 
  appeared 
  as 
  in 
  1877. 
  None 
  were 
  reported 
  from 
  

   Tarry 
  town 
  although 
  they 
  were 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  appeared 
  there 
  in 
  1877. 
  Mr. 
  

   Nathan 
  Banks 
  looked 
  for 
  them 
  several 
  times, 
  without 
  detecting 
  any 
  indi- 
  

   cation 
  of 
  their 
  presence, 
  in 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  woods 
  near 
  Westbury, 
  Long 
  Island, 
  

   where 
  they 
  were 
  seen 
  in 
  1877. 
  "^^^^ 
  observations 
  of 
  James 
  Angus 
  com- 
  

   municated 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  letter, 
  on 
  their 
  occurrence 
  in 
  Woodlawn 
  Cemetery, 
  

   New 
  York, 
  are 
  of 
  interest 
  as 
  indicating 
  in 
  a 
  marked 
  manner 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  

   cultivation 
  on 
  this 
  insect. 
  No 
  Cicadas 
  were 
  found 
  by 
  him 
  in 
  the 
  im- 
  

   proved 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  cemetery, 
  except 
  under 
  one 
  large 
  white 
  oak 
  tree, 
  

   although 
  they 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  unimproved 
  portions. 
  In 
  preparing 
  the 
  

   land 
  for 
  interments 
  it 
  was 
  trenched 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  at 
  least 
  six 
  feet, 
  except, 
  

   presumably, 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  this 
  tree, 
  and 
  here 
  the 
  insects 
  thrived, 
  as 
  

   was 
  evidenced 
  by 
  the 
  thousands 
  of 
  pupal 
  shells 
  which 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  

   raked 
  together 
  beneath 
  its 
  spreading 
  brarxhes. 
  

  

  