﻿286 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  This 
  Cicada 
  appears, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  greatest 
  abundance 
  

   on 
  wooded 
  heights, 
  as 
  the 
  PaUsades 
  on 
  the 
  Hudson 
  and 
  similar 
  localities 
  

   — 
  its 
  numbers 
  decreasing 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  grounds 
  and 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  river. 
  

   At 
  New 
  Haven, 
  Conn., 
  none 
  were 
  seen 
  on 
  a 
  damp 
  spot 
  of 
  about 
  an 
  acre 
  

   in 
  extent 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  a 
  numerous 
  colony. 
  At 
  Poughkeepsie, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  

   they 
  were 
  most 
  abundant 
  in 
  low 
  swampy 
  places, 
  and 
  very 
  abundant 
  

   directly 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  river. 
  The 
  insect 
  probably 
  can 
  not 
  live 
  in 
  

   soil 
  constantly 
  saturated 
  with 
  water, 
  although 
  it 
  may 
  thrive 
  in 
  wet 
  soils, 
  

   and 
  this 
  difference 
  may 
  possibly 
  exist 
  between 
  the 
  wet 
  locality 
  at 
  New 
  

   Haven 
  and 
  the 
  swampy 
  places 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Poughkeepsie. 
  An 
  idea 
  

   of 
  the 
  abundance 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  appeared 
  in 
  certain 
  localities 
  may 
  be 
  gained 
  

   from 
  the 
  following 
  notes. 
  At 
  Nyack 
  they 
  occurred 
  "in 
  millions; 
  the 
  

   ground 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  was 
  honeycombed 
  with 
  holes, 
  and 
  the 
  cast 
  pupal 
  

   cases 
  could 
  be 
  gathered 
  by 
  the 
  peck." 
  They 
  completely 
  cov- 
  

   ered 
  the 
  ground 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  at 
  Rock 
  City, 
  and 
  often 
  the 
  holes 
  

   from 
  which 
  the 
  pupae 
  came 
  were 
  but 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  apart. 
  At 
  

   Annandale 
  six 
  of 
  the 
  cases 
  might 
  frequently 
  be 
  counted 
  on 
  a 
  single 
  

   leaf. 
  At 
  New 
  Windsor, 
  according 
  to 
  Miss 
  Morton, 
  when 
  the 
  insect 
  

   was 
  most 
  abundant 
  its 
  noise 
  was 
  bewildering, 
  and 
  continued 
  day 
  and 
  

   night, 
  only 
  intermitting 
  for 
  an 
  hour 
  or 
  two 
  after 
  sunset, 
  and 
  commenc- 
  

   ing 
  again 
  with 
  the 
  rising 
  of 
  the 
  moon 
  {jji 
  Htt.). 
  At 
  Clermont, 
  Columbia 
  

   county, 
  the 
  noise 
  was 
  almost 
  deafening 
  when 
  at 
  its 
  height, 
  according 
  to 
  

   Mr. 
  Clermont 
  Livingston, 
  audit 
  was 
  heard 
  at 
  night 
  after 
  the 
  moon 
  rose. 
  

   The 
  Cicada 
  was 
  also 
  heard 
  in 
  other 
  localities 
  on 
  moonlight 
  nights. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  natural 
  that 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  Cicada 
  should 
  vary 
  from 
  generation 
  

   to 
  generation, 
  as 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  world 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  do, 
  and 
  

   that 
  the 
  territory 
  occupied 
  by 
  them, 
  in 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  clearing 
  of 
  

   forest 
  lands 
  and 
  cultivation, 
  should 
  be 
  subject 
  to 
  continual 
  fluctuation. 
  

   So 
  although 
  this 
  brood 
  was 
  not 
  found 
  in 
  1894 
  at 
  several 
  places 
  where 
  it 
  

   was 
  seen 
  in 
  1877 
  and 
  occurred 
  in 
  diminished 
  numbers 
  in 
  others, 
  yet 
  the 
  

   positive 
  evidence 
  of 
  their 
  presence 
  in 
  much 
  larger 
  force 
  at 
  some, 
  and 
  in 
  

   at 
  least 
  equal 
  strength 
  to 
  their 
  former 
  advent 
  in 
  many 
  other 
  places, 
  would 
  

   seem 
  to 
  militate 
  against 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  this 
  brood 
  was 
  dying 
  out. 
  

   That 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  recorded 
  within 
  forty 
  miles 
  of 
  its 
  extreme 
  northern 
  

   extension 
  in 
  1843 
  given 
  it 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Fitch 
  (Schuylerville), 
  may 
  be 
  entirely 
  

   owing 
  to 
  no 
  special 
  effort 
  having 
  been 
  made 
  for 
  its 
  detection 
  along 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Hudson. 
  

  

  Damages 
  by 
  Oviposition. 
  

  

  The 
  main, 
  if 
  not 
  the 
  only 
  serious 
  damage 
  inflicted 
  by 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  

   that 
  caused 
  by 
  its 
  deposit 
  of 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  twigs 
  of 
  various 
  trees, 
  — 
  the 
  

  

  