﻿ABORIGINAL 
  CHIPPED 
  STONE 
  IMPLEMENTS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  1 
  5 
  

  

  In 
  chipped 
  or 
  flaked 
  implements 
  the 
  simplest 
  form 
  was 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   knife, 
  which 
  might 
  sometimes 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  a 
  spear, 
  but 
  not 
  often 
  for 
  

   an 
  arrow-head, 
  unless 
  of 
  unusual 
  symmetry. 
  Many 
  simple 
  flakes 
  

   were 
  employed 
  for 
  this, 
  the 
  edge 
  being 
  sharply 
  and 
  neatly 
  chipped. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  these 
  inconspicuous 
  flakes 
  show 
  better 
  workmanship 
  in 
  

   these 
  edges 
  than 
  large 
  and 
  symmetrical 
  implements, 
  but 
  they 
  seem 
  

   to 
  have 
  served 
  only 
  a 
  temporary 
  purpose. 
  A 
  knife 
  was 
  wanted; 
  a 
  

   flake 
  was 
  picked 
  up, 
  to 
  which 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  moments 
  an 
  edge 
  was 
  given; 
  

   it 
  was 
  used 
  and 
  thrown 
  away. 
  So 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  sharp, 
  little 
  more 
  was 
  

   required 
  for 
  mere 
  use, 
  but 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  knives 
  were 
  both 
  large 
  and 
  

   beautiful. 
  As 
  has 
  been 
  said, 
  in 
  an 
  emergency 
  almost 
  any 
  article 
  

   might 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  knife, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  special 
  forms. 
  When 
  the 
  

   surface 
  was 
  bent, 
  as 
  was 
  often 
  the 
  case, 
  knives 
  were 
  probably 
  used 
  

   also 
  as 
  scrapers, 
  without 
  having 
  the 
  distinct 
  scraper 
  edge. 
  Some 
  

   agree 
  with 
  Loskiel's 
  description, 
  who 
  says, 
  ' 
  their 
  knives 
  were 
  made 
  

   in 
  a 
  long 
  triangular 
  shape, 
  the 
  long 
  sides 
  being 
  sharpened.' 
  

  

  ARROW 
  MAKING 
  

  

  In 
  an 
  excellent 
  article 
  on 
  the 
  stone 
  art 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  valley, 
  

   (13th 
  Annual 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  bureau 
  of 
  ethnology, 
  p. 
  139-42) 
  Mr 
  Gerard 
  

   Fowke 
  gives 
  an 
  extended 
  account 
  of 
  arrow 
  making, 
  as 
  practised 
  in 
  

   different 
  places. 
  Without 
  going 
  into 
  full 
  detail, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  well 
  to 
  

   say 
  here 
  that 
  chipping 
  was 
  usually 
  done 
  by 
  pressure 
  or 
  percussion. 
  

   In 
  almost 
  all 
  cases, 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  horn 
  or 
  bone, 
  slightly 
  notched, 
  was 
  

   used 
  as 
  a 
  flaker. 
  The 
  process 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  by 
  many, 
  for 
  it 
  is 
  

   not 
  an 
  extinct 
  art, 
  although 
  steel 
  is 
  now 
  often 
  substituted 
  for 
  horn 
  

   or 
  bone, 
  and 
  glass 
  for 
  stone. 
  Any 
  stone 
  which 
  will 
  admit 
  of 
  a 
  con- 
  

   choidal 
  fracture, 
  and 
  some 
  which 
  will 
  not, 
  may 
  be 
  used; 
  for 
  large 
  

   implements, 
  and 
  even 
  for 
  small, 
  a 
  sihceous 
  limestone 
  or 
  even 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  was 
  often 
  employed. 
  Quartz 
  was 
  used, 
  but 
  some 
  varieties 
  

   were 
  not 
  adapted 
  for 
  delicate 
  work, 
  while 
  for 
  large 
  implements 
  it 
  

   was 
  a 
  showy 
  material. 
  ; 
  

  

  Usually 
  the 
  stone 
  is 
  held 
  in 
  one 
  hand, 
  or 
  placed 
  on 
  wood, 
  buck- 
  

   skin, 
  a 
  blanket, 
  or 
  other 
  yielding 
  substance. 
  More 
  rarely 
  it 
  is 
  held 
  

   against 
  a 
  stone 
  anvil, 
  and 
  chipped 
  with 
  a 
  stone 
  hammer. 
  Simple 
  

   pressure 
  sufflces 
  in 
  most 
  cases, 
  the 
  bone 
  flaker 
  being 
  set 
  against 
  the 
  

  

  