﻿1 
  6 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  proper 
  points, 
  and 
  small 
  pieces 
  being 
  chipped 
  off 
  by 
  pressing 
  it 
  in 
  

   different 
  directions. 
  Some 
  hold 
  the 
  stone 
  in 
  the 
  hand, 
  setting 
  the 
  tool 
  

   at 
  different 
  points 
  and 
  angles, 
  while 
  an 
  assistant 
  gently 
  strikes 
  it. 
  

   Pincers 
  are 
  sometimes 
  used, 
  and 
  the 
  Klamath 
  indians 
  hold 
  the 
  

   wooden 
  handle 
  of 
  the 
  flaker 
  under 
  the 
  arm, 
  pressing 
  the 
  stone 
  against 
  

   the 
  point. 
  A 
  long 
  flat 
  tool, 
  found 
  in 
  Great 
  Britain, 
  was 
  thought 
  a 
  

   flaking 
  implement 
  by 
  Mr 
  Evans, 
  but 
  the 
  same 
  stone 
  article 
  is 
  here 
  

   either 
  a 
  scraper 
  or 
  knife. 
  

  

  The 
  time 
  required 
  in 
  arrow 
  making 
  differs 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  

   or 
  delicacy 
  of 
  the 
  article 
  to 
  be 
  made. 
  In 
  his 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  indians 
  

   of 
  Virginia, 
  in 
  1607, 
  Capt. 
  John 
  Smith 
  said, 
  ' 
  His 
  arrow-head 
  he 
  

   maketh 
  quickly, 
  with 
  a 
  little 
  bone, 
  of 
  any 
  splinter 
  of 
  stone 
  or 
  glass.' 
  

   Evans 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  Mexicans 
  could 
  turn 
  out 
  a 
  hundred 
  obsidian 
  

   knives 
  in 
  an 
  hour, 
  but 
  these 
  were 
  probably 
  only 
  long 
  and 
  sharp 
  

   flakes, 
  often 
  made 
  at 
  a 
  single 
  stroke. 
  Crook, 
  however, 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  

   indians 
  of 
  the 
  plains 
  will 
  make 
  from 
  fifty 
  to 
  a 
  hundred 
  arrows 
  in 
  an 
  

   hour, 
  with 
  a 
  knife 
  for 
  a 
  flaker. 
  These 
  must 
  be 
  rude, 
  however 
  ser- 
  

   viceable. 
  A 
  Klamath 
  Indian 
  made 
  a 
  complete 
  arrow-head 
  in 
  five 
  

   minutes, 
  and 
  a 
  Shasta 
  indian 
  took 
  an 
  hour 
  for 
  this. 
  On 
  articles 
  of 
  

   extraordinary 
  delicacy 
  and 
  size, 
  many 
  days 
  might 
  be 
  employed. 
  

  

  Mr 
  Frank 
  H. 
  Gushing, 
  in 
  his 
  address 
  upon 
  the 
  arrow, 
  at 
  the 
  

   Springfield 
  meeting 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  association 
  for 
  the 
  advance- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  science 
  in 
  1895, 
  gave 
  an 
  interesting 
  account 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  

   experience 
  in 
  arrow 
  making. 
  In 
  a 
  boyish 
  experiment 
  he 
  stumbled 
  

   upon 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  flaker, 
  by 
  which 
  he 
  at 
  once 
  chipped 
  the 
  

   flint 
  ' 
  in 
  long, 
  continuously 
  narrow 
  surface 
  flakes 
  wherever 
  the 
  edge 
  

   was 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  bone 
  at 
  a 
  certain 
  angle.' 
  His 
  experience 
  proved 
  to 
  

   him 
  * 
  that 
  paleolithic 
  man, 
  of 
  the 
  French 
  caves 
  at 
  least 
  — 
  that 
  man 
  

   who 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  known 
  no 
  other 
  art 
  of 
  working 
  stone 
  than 
  by 
  

   rudely 
  breaking 
  it 
  into 
  shape 
  by 
  blows 
  of 
  other 
  stones 
  — 
  could 
  not 
  

   have 
  existed 
  in 
  such 
  primary 
  status 
  of 
  art 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  few 
  seasons 
  

   at 
  most.' 
  (See 
  Proc. 
  A. 
  A. 
  A. 
  S, 
  1895. 
  p. 
  205) 
  

  

  Before 
  he 
  went 
  to 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  institution 
  or 
  to 
  Zuni, 
  he 
  had 
  

   elaborated 
  ' 
  some 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  totally 
  distinct 
  methods 
  of 
  working 
  

   flint-like 
  substances 
  with 
  stone 
  age 
  apparatus.' 
  His 
  whole 
  account 
  

   is 
  worthy 
  of 
  careful 
  study, 
  and 
  to 
  him 
  we 
  are 
  indebted 
  for 
  the 
  know- 
  

  

  