﻿ROAD 
  CONSTRUCTION 
  99 
  

  

  All 
  broken 
  stone 
  must 
  be 
  screened, 
  and 
  any 
  broken 
  stone 
  which 
  will 
  

   not 
  pass 
  through 
  a 
  2^ 
  inch 
  ring, 
  or 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  2^^ 
  inches 
  in 
  its 
  

   largest 
  diameter, 
  must 
  be 
  rebroken 
  or 
  rejected. 
  

  

  In 
  every 
  case 
  the 
  screenings 
  used 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  as 
  a 
  binder 
  course 
  

   must 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  kind 
  of 
  stone 
  as 
  the 
  top 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  road. 
  

  

  Rolling. 
  When 
  possible 
  roll 
  the 
  sub-grade 
  with 
  a 
  steam 
  roller. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  sub- 
  grade 
  is 
  too 
  sandy 
  to 
  roll, 
  cover 
  with 
  coarse 
  gravel 
  laid 
  on 
  

   to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  3 
  inches, 
  or 
  as 
  much 
  more 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  needed 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  

   good 
  foundation. 
  

  

  Fill 
  any 
  depressions 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  until 
  the 
  surface 
  is 
  true 
  and 
  

   even. 
  

  

  All 
  broken 
  stone 
  must 
  be 
  rolled 
  in 
  screened 
  layers. 
  

  

  After 
  spreading 
  the 
  first 
  course 
  of 
  broken 
  stone, 
  begin 
  rolling 
  at 
  the 
  

   sides, 
  and 
  continue 
  this 
  by 
  running 
  ahead 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  allow 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  5 
  

   inches 
  of 
  the 
  driving 
  wheel 
  to 
  pass 
  over 
  the 
  shoulder, 
  and 
  backward 
  with 
  

   the 
  outer 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  driving 
  wheel 
  from 
  5 
  to 
  10 
  inches 
  inside 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  

   the 
  broken 
  stone. 
  Roll 
  until 
  the 
  stone 
  ceases 
  to 
  ^ 
  wave 
  ' 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  

   wheels, 
  and 
  until 
  it 
  seems 
  firm 
  under 
  foot 
  as 
  you 
  walk 
  over 
  it. 
  Next 
  

   begin 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  side 
  and 
  roll 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  manner. 
  Then 
  work 
  toward 
  

   the 
  center 
  until 
  the 
  stone 
  is 
  rolled. 
  Roll 
  each 
  layer 
  of 
  stone 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   manner. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  road 
  shows 
  a 
  wavy 
  motion 
  after 
  passing 
  the 
  roller 
  over 
  it 
  three, 
  

   four 
  or 
  more 
  times, 
  it 
  may 
  indicate 
  too 
  much 
  moisture 
  in 
  the 
  sub-grade. 
  

   If, 
  on 
  examination, 
  you 
  find 
  this 
  to 
  be 
  true, 
  stop 
  rolling 
  and 
  move 
  ahead, 
  

   allowing 
  time 
  for 
  the 
  sub-grade 
  to 
  dry 
  out. 
  

  

  With 
  some 
  coarse, 
  hard 
  granitic 
  rocks 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  noted 
  that 
  after 
  the 
  

   roller 
  passes 
  over 
  them 
  a 
  few 
  times 
  they 
  begin 
  to 
  ' 
  crawl 
  ' 
  and 
  the 
  sharp 
  

   edges 
  break 
  off. 
  A 
  shght 
  sprinkHng 
  of 
  sand 
  or 
  stone 
  screenings, 
  or 
  water, 
  

   may 
  prevent 
  this. 
  Try 
  one 
  after 
  another 
  of 
  these 
  means, 
  until 
  the 
  work 
  

   progresses 
  to 
  your 
  satisfaction. 
  You 
  must 
  not 
  expect 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  

   stone 
  from 
  shaking 
  as 
  you 
  walk 
  over 
  it, 
  but 
  you 
  need 
  to 
  continue 
  the 
  

   rolling 
  until 
  the 
  fragments 
  of 
  stone 
  adjacent 
  to 
  where 
  the 
  foot 
  presses 
  do 
  

   not 
  move 
  as 
  you 
  walk. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  rolling 
  must 
  be 
  done 
  before 
  you 
  

   spread 
  the 
  screenings. 
  After 
  spreading 
  the 
  screenings, 
  water 
  and 
  roll 
  

   until 
  the 
  mud 
  flushes 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  You 
  can 
  not 
  expect 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  

   stone 
  from 
  kicking 
  out 
  if 
  the 
  teams 
  pass 
  over 
  the 
  road. 
  Keep 
  watch, 
  and 
  

   in 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  have 
  the 
  roller 
  pass 
  once 
  or 
  twice 
  over 
  the 
  road, 
  after 
  

   watering, 
  until 
  the 
  loose 
  stones 
  are 
  pressed 
  down 
  out 
  of 
  sight. 
  

   , 
  Before 
  spreading 
  any 
  broken 
  stone, 
  great 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  have 
  

   the 
  sub-grade 
  carefully 
  shaped 
  and 
  thoroughly 
  compacted. 
  

  

  All 
  shoulders 
  must 
  be 
  shaped 
  and 
  left 
  sufficiently 
  high 
  to 
  roll 
  to 
  the 
  

   proper 
  grade, 
  before 
  any 
  broken 
  stone 
  is 
  spread 
  on 
  the 
  road. 
  

  

  In 
  case 
  of 
  heavy 
  fills 
  you 
  must 
  not 
  run 
  the 
  roller 
  to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  

   shoulders 
  unless 
  the 
  fill 
  has 
  had 
  time 
  to 
  settle. 
  Work 
  out 
  slowly 
  on 
  this 
  

   kind 
  of 
  work. 
  

  

  In 
  every 
  case 
  the 
  screenings 
  used 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  as 
  a 
  binder 
  course 
  

   must 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  as 
  the 
  top 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  road. 
  

  

  Excepting 
  where 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  needed 
  to 
  compact 
  hard, 
  granitic 
  rocks, 
  as 
  

   before 
  referred 
  to, 
  you 
  will 
  use 
  water 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  top, 
  or 
  binder 
  course. 
  

  

  You 
  will 
  wet 
  this 
  binder 
  course 
  thoroughly 
  before 
  rolling, 
  but 
  not 
  to 
  

   the 
  extent 
  of 
  saturating 
  the 
  foundation. 
  You 
  will 
  get 
  better 
  results 
  and 
  

  

  