﻿zoo 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  prevent 
  the 
  screenings 
  from 
  being 
  picked 
  up 
  by 
  the 
  wheels 
  of 
  the 
  roller 
  

   if 
  you 
  apply 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  allow 
  it 
  to 
  settle 
  down 
  below 
  the 
  top 
  surface 
  

   before 
  passing 
  the 
  roller 
  over 
  it. 
  Too 
  much 
  water, 
  or 
  too 
  little, 
  will 
  give 
  

   trouble 
  by 
  causing 
  the 
  surface 
  to 
  be 
  picked 
  up. 
  

  

  You 
  must 
  not 
  under 
  any 
  conditions 
  roll 
  the 
  screenings 
  while 
  dry. 
  

  

  You 
  must 
  not 
  under 
  any 
  conditions 
  allow 
  teams 
  to 
  pass 
  over 
  the 
  road 
  

   after 
  the 
  screenings 
  are 
  spread 
  and 
  before 
  they 
  are 
  rolled. 
  

  

  In 
  case 
  of 
  a 
  deficiency 
  in 
  the 
  water 
  supply, 
  you 
  may 
  have 
  the 
  screenings 
  

   spread 
  and 
  await 
  a 
  rain 
  before 
  rolling; 
  but 
  in 
  such 
  case 
  the 
  road 
  must 
  be 
  

   entirely 
  closed 
  to 
  travel, 
  and 
  the 
  rolling 
  must 
  be 
  begun 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  

   road 
  is 
  wet 
  and 
  continue 
  until 
  the 
  section 
  covered 
  with 
  screenings 
  is 
  

   thoroughly 
  compacted. 
  In 
  such 
  cases 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  operate 
  the 
  

   roller 
  day 
  and 
  night, 
  and 
  you 
  must 
  insist 
  on 
  this 
  being 
  done. 
  In 
  case 
  

   you 
  meet 
  with 
  any 
  difficulty 
  in 
  compacting 
  the 
  stone, 
  and 
  fail 
  to 
  under- 
  

   stand 
  the 
  cause, 
  report 
  immediately 
  in 
  writing 
  to 
  the 
  office. 
  

  

  Telford. 
  Telfording 
  will 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  all 
  cases 
  where 
  the 
  road 
  passes 
  

   over 
  clay, 
  or 
  wet 
  soil. 
  You 
  will 
  make 
  a 
  careful 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  road, 
  and 
  

   report 
  in 
  writing 
  to 
  the 
  chief 
  engineer 
  where 
  in 
  your 
  opinion 
  telfording 
  is 
  

   needed, 
  giving 
  a 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  general 
  scope 
  

   of 
  the 
  adjacent 
  ground. 
  In 
  your 
  report 
  you 
  will 
  note 
  the 
  stations 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  which 
  the 
  telfording 
  may 
  be 
  needed. 
  

  

  Where 
  telford 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  used, 
  you 
  will 
  see 
  that 
  the 
  road 
  bed 
  is 
  excavated 
  

   and 
  carefully 
  rolled, 
  and 
  left 
  true 
  and 
  even, 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  cross- 
  

   section, 
  and 
  12 
  inches 
  below 
  the 
  established 
  grade 
  of 
  the 
  finished 
  work. 
  

   You 
  will 
  then 
  cause 
  2 
  inches 
  of 
  gravel 
  to 
  be 
  uniformly 
  spread 
  over 
  the 
  

   sub-grade. 
  On 
  this 
  sub 
  grade 
  you 
  will 
  place 
  a 
  foundation 
  of 
  stones, 
  

   which 
  may 
  vary 
  in 
  size 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  4 
  to 
  10 
  inches 
  in 
  width, 
  6 
  to 
  20 
  inches 
  

   in 
  length, 
  5 
  to 
  6 
  inches 
  in 
  depth 
  (not 
  more 
  than 
  10% 
  of 
  the 
  stone 
  to 
  be 
  

   less 
  than 
  6 
  inches 
  in 
  depth). 
  The 
  stone 
  must 
  be 
  sound, 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  quality 
  

   approved 
  by 
  the 
  chief 
  engmeer. 
  

  

  The 
  telford 
  stones 
  shall 
  be 
  placed 
  by 
  hand, 
  vertically, 
  on 
  the 
  broadest 
  

   edges 
  and 
  lengthwise 
  across 
  the 
  road, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  close, 
  firm 
  pave- 
  

   ment. 
  They 
  shall 
  be 
  bound 
  by 
  inserting 
  and 
  driving 
  down, 
  in 
  all 
  places 
  

   where 
  it 
  is 
  practicable, 
  stone 
  of 
  proper 
  size 
  and 
  shape 
  to 
  wedge 
  them 
  in 
  

   their 
  proper 
  position. 
  No 
  large 
  stone 
  will 
  be 
  left 
  with 
  a 
  projecting 
  point 
  

   coming 
  nearer 
  than 
  4 
  inches 
  to 
  the 
  finished 
  grade 
  and 
  cross-section. 
  If 
  

   any 
  such 
  projection 
  be 
  found, 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  broken 
  off 
  to 
  allow 
  a 
  clear 
  depth 
  

   of 
  4 
  inches 
  of 
  broken 
  stone. 
  

  

  The 
  telfording 
  shall 
  then 
  be 
  rolled 
  with 
  a 
  steam 
  roller, 
  all 
  depressions 
  

   filled 
  with 
  stone 
  chips 
  or 
  spalls, 
  rolled 
  and 
  left 
  true 
  and 
  even 
  and 
  4 
  

   inches 
  below 
  the 
  finished 
  grade 
  and 
  cross-section. 
  If 
  a 
  drain 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  

   put 
  in, 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  finished 
  after 
  the 
  excavation 
  is 
  made 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  

   gravel 
  is 
  spread. 
  

  

  Drains. 
  Where 
  telfording 
  is 
  used, 
  or 
  where 
  ground 
  water 
  from 
  a 
  side 
  

   hill 
  may 
  work 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  road, 
  you 
  will 
  build 
  drains. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  road 
  passes 
  through 
  a 
  cut, 
  you 
  will 
  place 
  a 
  drain 
  on 
  each 
  side. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  road 
  is 
  on 
  a 
  side 
  hill, 
  you 
  will 
  place 
  a 
  drain 
  on 
  the 
  up-hill 
  

   side 
  only. 
  

  

  All 
  drains 
  must 
  be 
  carried 
  to 
  a 
  proper 
  outlet, 
  either 
  to 
  a 
  culvert, 
  to 
  

   another 
  drain 
  or 
  through 
  the 
  bank. 
  

  

  