﻿ROAD 
  CONSTRUCTION 
  lOI 
  

  

  Where 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  extend 
  a 
  drain 
  to 
  an 
  outlet 
  beyond 
  the 
  section 
  

   needed 
  to 
  be 
  drained, 
  you 
  will 
  lay 
  the 
  pipe 
  with 
  cement 
  joints 
  on 
  such 
  

   extension, 
  and 
  omit 
  the 
  gravel 
  or 
  stone 
  in 
  the 
  trench. 
  

  

  Where 
  a 
  pipe 
  is 
  carried 
  through 
  a 
  bank, 
  the 
  outlet 
  must 
  be 
  protected 
  

   by 
  masonry, 
  as 
  provided 
  in 
  pipe 
  culverts. 
  

  

  All 
  pipe 
  must 
  be 
  laid 
  true 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  and 
  grade, 
  and 
  no 
  pipe 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  

   laid 
  on 
  a 
  grade 
  of 
  less 
  than 
  3 
  inches 
  in 
  100 
  feet. 
  

  

  If 
  in 
  laying 
  out 
  a 
  drain 
  you 
  find 
  the 
  trench 
  is 
  Hkely 
  to 
  exceed 
  5 
  feet 
  in 
  

   depth 
  below 
  the 
  finished 
  grade, 
  you 
  will 
  immediately 
  report 
  the 
  condi- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  writing 
  to 
  the 
  chief 
  engineer. 
  

  

  The 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  pipe 
  in 
  all 
  drains 
  will 
  be 
  placed 
  12 
  inches 
  outside 
  of 
  

   the 
  line 
  of 
  broken 
  stone. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  grade 
  of 
  the 
  finished 
  road 
  is 
  3 
  inches 
  or 
  more 
  to 
  the 
  100 
  

   feet, 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  drain 
  trench 
  must 
  be 
  3^ 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  finished 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  road 
  at 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  cross-section. 
  

  

  The 
  drain 
  trench 
  will 
  be 
  excavated 
  to 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  12 
  inches 
  at 
  the 
  

   bottom 
  and 
  15 
  inches 
  at 
  the 
  top, 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  excavated 
  only 
  as 
  fast 
  as 
  

   the 
  drain 
  can 
  be 
  finished. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  this 
  trench 
  you 
  will 
  place 
  2 
  inches 
  of 
  gravel 
  or 
  

   broken 
  stone 
  which 
  will 
  pass 
  through 
  a 
  i^^ 
  inch 
  mesh 
  and 
  not 
  through 
  a 
  

   half 
  inch 
  mesh. 
  

  

  All 
  side 
  drain 
  pipe 
  will 
  be 
  5 
  inches 
  salt-glazed 
  vitrified 
  clay 
  pipe, 
  

   with 
  bell 
  and 
  spigot 
  joint 
  (unless 
  stated 
  to 
  the 
  contrary 
  in 
  the 
  specifi- 
  

   cation). 
  

  

  The 
  pipe 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  grade 
  hereinbefore 
  mentioned, 
  with 
  open 
  

   joints 
  and 
  the 
  bell 
  end 
  toward 
  the 
  rising 
  grade. 
  

  

  Gravel 
  or 
  broken 
  stone 
  of 
  the 
  sizes 
  already 
  described 
  will 
  be 
  filled 
  

   about 
  the 
  pipe 
  and 
  over 
  it 
  for 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  5 
  feet. 
  This 
  must 
  be 
  carefully 
  

   tamped 
  about 
  and 
  rammed 
  over 
  the 
  pipe. 
  The 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  trench 
  

   is 
  to 
  be 
  filled 
  with 
  stone 
  which 
  will 
  pass 
  through 
  a 
  3 
  inch 
  and 
  not 
  

   through 
  a 
  i 
  inch 
  mesh. 
  Great 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  prevent 
  any 
  sand, 
  

   silt 
  or 
  earth 
  from 
  getting 
  into 
  the 
  pipe 
  or 
  the 
  interstices 
  of 
  the 
  stone 
  in 
  

   the 
  trench. 
  

  

  The 
  sub-grade 
  of 
  the 
  road 
  is 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  regular 
  slope 
  to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  

   the 
  drain. 
  

  

  Gutters. 
  Paved 
  gutters 
  will 
  be 
  built 
  where 
  directed 
  by 
  the 
  chiei 
  

   engineer. 
  

  

  No 
  gutter 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  laid 
  until 
  after 
  the 
  broken 
  stone 
  has 
  been 
  rolled. 
  

  

  In 
  no 
  case 
  is 
  the 
  roller 
  to 
  pass 
  over 
  any 
  part 
  of 
  any 
  paved 
  gutter. 
  

  

  Gutters 
  not 
  exceeding 
  400 
  feet 
  in 
  length 
  shall 
  be 
  3 
  feet 
  wide 
  with 
  a 
  

   shoulder 
  i 
  foot 
  wide 
  and 
  a 
  dish 
  of 
  3 
  inches. 
  

  

  Gutters 
  exceeding 
  400 
  feet 
  in 
  length 
  shall 
  increase 
  the 
  dish 
  above 
  this 
  

   length 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  i 
  inch 
  to 
  each 
  300 
  feet. 
  

  

  All 
  stone 
  used 
  in 
  gutters 
  shall 
  be 
  rounded 
  field, 
  bank 
  or 
  river 
  stone 
  ; 
  

   no 
  flat, 
  shaky 
  or 
  rotten 
  stone 
  shall 
  be 
  used. 
  

  

  The 
  stone 
  may 
  on 
  the 
  average 
  lay 
  from 
  4 
  to 
  6 
  square 
  yards 
  to 
  the 
  ton. 
  

   A 
  cubic 
  yard 
  may 
  be 
  estimated 
  to 
  weigh 
  ij/i 
  tons. 
  

  

  The 
  larger 
  selected 
  stone 
  will 
  be 
  laid 
  in 
  the 
  gutter 
  itself 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   edges 
  to 
  a 
  true 
  line 
  and 
  grade, 
  with 
  the 
  largest 
  diameters 
  lengthwise 
  of 
  

   the 
  road. 
  All 
  other 
  stone 
  will 
  be 
  laid 
  with 
  the 
  longest 
  diameters 
  across 
  

   the 
  gutter. 
  

  

  