238 ^'^^ Philippine Journal of Science wit 



with the males. He also claims that granular kidney in relation 

 to age incidence certainly increases with each decade parallel to 

 that of atheroma. 



The atheromatous change in the arteries of Filipinos was de- 

 termined by examination of 1,000 bodies in which the arterial 

 changes were definitely recorded. The results obtained are not 

 as conclusive as they might be, but they give a fair estimate of 

 atheromatous changes in Filipinos. Atheromatous and asso- 

 ciated cardiac and renal changes are without doubt important 

 factors, in the cause of death, at least after 40 years of age. 



In tabulating this series of autopsies for atheromatous changes, 

 I have included sex, ages in decades, hypertrophied and normal 

 hearts, and chronic interstitial nephritis and normal kidneys, 

 noting whether or not they were associated with atheroma. 

 Atheroma was divided into slight and marked changes; it was 

 called slight when there were a few patches here and there 

 throughout the aorta or in the coronaries, while those cases were 

 called marked which showed numerous large patches, calcifica- 

 tion, or ulcerative changes. A kidney was called chronic inter- 

 stitial nephritis if it showed fibrosis, multiple small cysts, chronic 

 diffuse nephritic changes, or arteriosclerotic changes. The heart 

 was called hypertrophied from increase in size and weight, and 

 it was not specified as to whether or not it was the entire heart. 



The results obtained from an examination of the arteries, 

 hearts, and kidneys of 1,000 Filipinos are summarized in 

 Table IV. 



DISCUSSION OF ATHEROMA 



The successive decades between and 40 years show a more or 

 less constant and proportional increase of atheroma with asso- 

 ciated hypertrophy of the heart and chronic interstitial nephritis. 

 However, the decades between 41 years of age and death show a 

 sudden great increase of atheroma with associated hypertrophy 

 of the heart and chronic interstitial nephritis. This great in- 

 crease of all three associated conditions is the most significant 

 and important fact brought out by the tables and at least is in- 

 dicative that they are probably a large factor in the cause of 

 death after 41 years of age. The tabulation of the changes as 

 they occurred in each sex does not show any great difference 

 between the sexes. Of those examined for atheroma who lived 

 beyond the age of 40 years, 23.84 per cent were females. How- 

 ever, a greater percentage of the females over 40 years of age 

 showed atheromatous changes than did the males, while under 

 the age of 40 years a smaller percentage of females showed 



