120 The Philippine Journal of Science i9i6 



conditions in foetal and newborn guinea pigs. Frohlich ^^ states 

 that milk heated to 98°C. for ten minutes will not prevent scurvy 

 in guinea pigs fed on oats though fresh milk is effective; fresh 

 milk given alone may produce scorbutic symptoms. 



Rickets, infantile scurvy, scurvy, and even pellagra have been 

 ascribed, along with beriberi, to the consumption of vitamine- 

 deficient and so-called "devitalized" foods, the protective sub- 

 stances of which have been destroyed by long storage or heating 

 (cooking, canning, etc.).^^ Darling ^^ asserts the intimate rela- 

 tionship between scurvy and beriberi. He observed well-marked 

 right-sided hypertrophy of the heart and degenerative changes 

 in the cardiac muscle and the pneumogastric nerve. Typical 

 beriberi conditions, such as cardiac hypertrophy and oedema, have 

 been described recently by Hess ^^ as part of the symtomatology 

 and pathology of infantile scurvy. Hoist and Frohlich and also 

 Ingier demonstrated degenerative changes in the nerves of some 

 of their animals. Hoist ^^ observed that pigs may develop 

 symptoms intermediate between beriberi and scurvy. 



Very little satisfactory experimental evidence has been ob- 

 tained as to the effect of heat on the antineuritic substances 

 proper; such experiments as have been reported indicate that 

 the vitamine is affected. Thus Fraser and Stanton ^® have shown 

 that the antineuritic properties of rice polishings are destroyed 

 if autoclaved for two hours. Grijns " states that dogs fed on 

 autoclaved meat develop neuritis. Grijns also found that unpol- 

 ished rice may lose its protective power against beriberi when 

 heated to a temperature of 130° C. In the isolation of the vita- 

 mine substances or in the preparation of tiqui-tiqui extracts, 

 it is the practice to avoid heating except in acidified solution; 

 otherwise the protective substances may be destroyed.^* 



The antineuritic properties of milk have not been thoroughly 

 investigated. Vedder and Clark ^^ have reported experiments 

 in which 5 cubic centimeters of fresh cows' milk were given 

 daily to four fowls fed on polished rice; two of these died of 



" Zeitschr. f. Hyg. u. Infectionskrankh. (1912), 72, 155. 



" Funk, Die Vitamine, Wiesbaden (1914) ; also cf. Schaumann, Arch. f. 

 Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg. (1915), 19, 393, 426. 



''Journ. Am. Med. Assoc. (1914), 63, 1290. 



"Ibid. (1915), 65, 1003. 



^■^Cf. Schaumann, Arch. f. Schiffs- n. Trop.-Hyg. (1914), 18, Beiheft 6. 



" Studies from the Institute for Medical Research. Federated Malay 

 States (1911), No. 12. 



" Cited from Schaumann, loc. cit. 



"Vedder and Williams, This Journal, Sec. B (1913), 8, 175. 



"Ibid. (1912), 7, 423. 



