XI, B, 4 Wade: Carbohydrate Fermentation 163 



Strong in Mukden, though this may be questioned. The Philip- 

 pine organisms were undoubtedly originally introduced from 

 China. The New Orleans strain A was now 4 years old, and 

 strains B, C, and D were 2 years old. It may be noted, as indi- 

 cating the viability of these cultures, that the transplants made 

 in February, 1916, were from agar cultures, inoculated eighteen 

 months previously, that had been closed with sealing wax and 

 kept at room temperature, which in New Orleans averages rather 

 high. Strain E was 4 years old, and the others ranged from 2 

 to 5 years in age. 



LITMUS SERUM-WATERS OF HISS 



In the first series of cultivation Hiss's serum-water media were 

 used as originally, horse serum being utilized instead of beef 

 serum. The sugars were used in but 0.5 per cent strength on 

 account of the difficulty of obtaining some of them. The total 

 number of reagents used was nineteen. Inulin was not pro- 

 curable. The results of the positive and irregular reactions in 

 two series appear combined in Table I. For brevity the reagents 

 not showing change by this method are listed in the note to 

 Table I. 



The reaction in dextrose was always rapid and complete, and in 

 the mannite cultures coagulation also developed regularly, though 

 considerably more slowly. The levulose cultures reacted with 

 much irregularity. In arabinose there was at times fairly de- 

 finite acidification, but this was slight and very inconstant in 

 these low-sugar series. Litmus milk usually showed but a faint 

 change. The fourteen media listed as negative, certain of which 

 were tested repeatedly, showed absolutely no change after ten 

 days. 



A fact of interest in this series is that there was demonstrated 

 absolutely no distinction between the New Orleans strains and 

 those isolated in the Philippine Islands. This similarity has been 

 found to persist with various media. 



These results were so at variance with most authorities, 

 though for the most part comparable with those obtained 

 in New Orleans, that the study was extended to determine the 

 reason for the discrepancies. In order to determine, for one 

 thing, the part that low-sugar concentration played, a small 

 series of 1 per cent media was later inoculated. The reactions 

 obtained with these appear in Table VIII and demonstrate at 

 least a moderate improvement over the 0.5 per cent media. 



