XI, B, 6 



Guerrero et al.: Illicium religiosum Siebold 



209 



lateral surface produced by the adjacent carpel is generally 

 conical in outline, while in lUicium anisatum it is semiellipsoid. 

 The seed of Illicium religiosum is a trifle smaller and presents 

 an obtuse apex, due to the development of the raphe. When 

 the fruit is powdered, it gives off the odor of cubeb or laurel 

 and not the unmistakable anis odor of Illicium anisatum. Vogl 

 (15) states that the sclerenchyma layer lining the endocarp at 

 the ventral suture is softer and is composed of cells whose walls 

 are in general thinner than in Illicium anisatum. He also states 

 that the cells of the endocarp at this level are shorter than in 

 the last species. The content of these cells turns brownish black 

 on coming in contact with a hot solution of potassium hydroxide. 

 Godfrin(i6) emphasizes the fact that the differential charac- 

 teristics are to be sought for in the seeds. He claims that the 

 seed of Illicium anisatum contains only parenchymatous cells 

 under the external sclerenchyma layer of its envelope, while 

 Illicium religiosum contains sclerenchyma cells in the corre- 

 sponding part of the seed. Rud. Pfister(i7) bases the differentia- 

 tion on the form and size of the grains of the aleurone contained 

 in the seed. They are generally ovoid, and the globules contained 

 in them are very small and appear like rounded dots in Illicium 

 religiosum; they are larger and irregularly sinuous or tuberous 

 in Illicium anisatum. Holmes (18) claims that the two species 

 of Illicium react differently to blue litmus paper; Illicium reli- 

 giosum when moistened turns it bright red, Illicium anisatum 

 only pale red. Montel sununarizes in the following table the 

 distinguishing characters of the two species : 



Table I. — Differential characters of the fruits of Illicium religiosum and of 



Illicium, anisatum. 



Differentia] characters. 



Illicium religiosuin. 



lUieium anisatum. 



Odor . — — - 



Suggests the odor of pepper 

 and of yew-tree. 



Of anise. 





Seed 



Slightly ovoid 



Flattened. 



Follicles 



Slender, the surface rough, the 



Stout, woody, the surface less 





ends pointed, curved in the 



rough, ends obtuse. 





form of a claw. 





Axis 



Tapers gradually upward, ter- 



Slightly truncated above, 





minates slightly below the 



forming a disc in to which 





extremity of the borders of 



the fruits are inserted. 





carpels, and appears to in- 







cline somewhat toward the 







lower part of the latter. 





Sclerenchyma cells of the pe- 



Few, small, rounded or ellip- 



Numerous, large, and their 



duncle and of the a:xi8. 



tical. 



wall thick. 



Anetol _ - - 



Absent 



Considerable. 







