xin.D, 5 Haughwout: Protozoa of Manila and Vicinity: I 199 



Subphylum SARCODINA — Continued. 

 Class Actinopoda — Continued. 

 Subclass Radiolaria — Continued. 

 Division B. Osculosa — Continued. 



Legion 4. Cannopylea (Pheodaria). — The skeleton is siliceous, the 

 spicules or bars often being hollow. There is a double central 

 capsule of chitin, which has a spoutlike main opening at one 

 pole and frequently one or more accessory openings at the op- 

 posite pole. Dark pigment granules, spoken of as pheodium, 

 are found in the extracapsular protoplasm. 

 Order Pheocystina. — The skeleton may be absent. When it is 

 present, it consists of distinct spicules. The central cap- 

 sule lies in the center of the body, which is spherical. 

 Haeckel names three families. Typical genus, Aulactinium 

 Haeckel, 1887. 

 Order Pheospheria. — The skeleton is a simple- or double-latticed 

 sphere. The central capsule occurs in the geometrical cen- 

 ter of the body. Haeckel names four families. Typical 

 genus, Oroscena Haeckel, 1887. 

 Order Pheogromia. — The central capsule is excentric, lying in 

 the aboral half of the cell. The skeleton is composed of a 

 simple latticed shell, which has a large opening at one pole. 

 Haeckel names five families. Typical genus, Pharyngella 

 Haeckel, 1887. 

 Order Pheoconchia. — The skeleton is characterized by the pre- 

 sence of two valves, which open in the same plane as the 

 three openings of the central capsule. Haeckel names three 

 families. Typical genus, Concharium Haeckel, 1879. 

 Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA. — Protozoa having motile organs in the form 

 of one or more vibratile or undulating processes known as flagella. 

 These are in relation to bodies of nuclear or centrosomic nature such 

 as the kinetonucleus or the blepharoplast," which may lie free in the 

 cytoplasm or inside of the nucleus. Forms found in the orders Try- 

 panosomatida and Polymastigida may have undulating membranes of 

 a kinetic nature, bordered by a flagellum. Many species show marked 

 plant characteristics, and some of the more primitive forms are closely 

 allied to the bacteria. 

 Class Zoomastigophora. — Mastigophora having predominant animal char- 

 acteristics. 

 Subclass lissoflagellata. — ^Lacking protoplasmic collars and having 

 "smooth" bodies. 



" Minchin regards the blepharoplast as "a centrosome which is in rela- 

 tion to a motor cell-organ." It is not to be regarded as a kinetonucleus 

 any more than the latter is to be looked upon as the equivalent of the 

 micronucleus of the Infusoria. Swezy [Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool. (1916), 16, 

 185] has recently discussed the kinetonucleus in relation to Hartmann's 

 Binucleata and the parabasal body of the Polymastigida. Kofoid and 

 McCulloch [Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool. (1916), 16, 113] regard the kinetonu- 

 cleus as in reality the parabasal body or kinetic reservoir, which fluctuates 

 in the volume of its substance with the changing internal conditions and 

 motor activities of the organism. — F. G. H. 



