xin, D, 5 Haughwout : Protozoa of Manila and Vicinity: I 203 



Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA— Continued. 

 Class Phytomastigophora — Continued. 

 Subclass Dinoflagellata — Continued. 

 Order Diniferida — Continued. 



Family Peridinidse. — The shell may be absent. The transverse 

 furrow is without wide ledges. Typical genus, Peridinium 

 Ehrenberg, 1832. 

 Family Dinophysidae. — The borders of the transverse furrow are 

 developed into great ledges, making a deep furrow for the 

 flagellum. Typical genus, Triposelenia Kofoid. 

 Order Polydinida. — This order includes but one genus, Polykrikos 

 Biitschli, 1873. It manifests some of the characteristics of mem- 

 bers of the subphylum Infusoria in the possession of micro- and 

 macronuclei and nematocysts. The body is naked and has several 

 transverse furrows and flagella." 

 Subclass Cystoflagellata. — Exclusively marine forms including but three 

 genera, Noctiluca, Leptodiscus, and Craspedotella. The body is 

 highly parenchymatous with a firm membrane, A single nucleus. 

 The young or "embryonic" stages are dinoflagellate. Craspedotella 

 resembles a microscopic medusa, having a velumlike membrane on 

 its under surface. 

 Subphylum SPOROZOA. — A group of protozoa, exclusively parasitic. Repro- 

 duction is mainly, but not invariably, by spore formation. The term 

 spore formation as used here is to be taken in the broad sense as 

 including asexual spore formation (schizogony) and spore formation 

 following fertilization (sporogony). In a general sense the Sporozoa 

 have no motile organs; but some of them, as the gregarines, are fitted 

 with myonemes, which enable them to move with a vermiform motion. 

 Some of the gametes are flagellated. In the Neosporidia pseudopodium 

 formation occurs in some species. Simple division occurs among the 

 Schizogregarines and forms an exception to the rule regarding spore 

 formation as a characteristic of the subphylum. Members of the group 

 in some instances show affinities with the Sarcodina and in others with 

 the Mastigophora. It cannot be regarded as a stable group from the 

 taxonomic viewpoint. The Gregarinida and the Coccidiida may be 

 looked upon as well-established orders, but the remainder of the group, 

 particularly in regard to the entire class Neosporidia, can, for the 

 present, be regarded only as a catchall for species that cannot be 

 properly placed until their full life histories are known. The classifi- 

 cation, therefore, must stand as it is until that time arrives. 

 Class Telosporidia (Schaudinn). — The life of the individual ends with 

 sporogony. 

 Order Gregarinida. — Reproduction usually confined to spore formation, 

 which follows the union in fertilization of slightly differentiated 

 gametes. Ccelozoic. 

 Suborder Schlzogregarinse.— In addition to spore formation, the in- 

 dividual may reproduce by division or by a process of multiple 



"Kofoid [Zool. Anz. (1907), 31, No. 9-10, 291], in a review of the 

 systematic position of Polykrikos, concludes that it is a colonial dinofla- 

 gellate of 2, 4, or rarely 8 zooids. He places it in the subclass Dinofla- 

 gellata, family Gymnodinidse, and subfamily Polydinin^. 



