xin,D, 5 Haughwout: Protozoa of Manila and Vicinity: I 207 



Subphylum SPOROZOA — Continued. 



• Class Neosporidia (Schaudinn). — These are parasites principally of verte- 

 brate hosts, mainly fish, which lead a cj^zoic, histozoic, or coelozoic 

 life. Unlike the Telosporidia, spore formation does not end the life 

 of the individual. Instead, sporulation of the parasites, which are 

 amoeboid, takes place during the activity of the parent cell and 

 does not interfere with the vegetative processes. Pansporoblast 

 formation is of frequent occurrence. 

 Order Myxosporldia (Biitschli) . — The individuals are relatively large and 

 reproduce by pansporoblast formation. The spores are provided 

 with polar capsules within which the threads may be easily seen. 

 Suborder Disporea (Doflein). — Each trophozoite produces one pan- 

 sporoblast that contains two spores. The spores are wider than 

 they are long. The trophozoites are found floating freely in 

 the fluids of various organs of the fish and frog hosts. 

 Family Ceratomyxidae (Doflein). — Having the characters of the 

 suborder. Typical genus, Ceratomyxa Thelohan, 1892. 

 Suborder Polysporea.^' — Each pansporoblast produces two and usually 

 a great number of spores. These spores are longer than they 

 are wide. 

 Family Myxidiidae (Thelohan). — The spore has two polar capsules. 

 Typically the trophozoites live as free parasites in the fluids 

 of the internal organs of their hosts. Typical genus, Myxi- 

 dium Biitschli, 1882. 

 Family Chloromyxidae (Thelohan). — The spores have four polar 



capsules. Typical genus, Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890. 

 Family Myxobolidse (Thelohan). — These forms are usually poly- 

 sporous. Histozoic and usually found as cysts filled with 

 spores. Amoeboid forms are rarely found. Vacuoles that 

 take a reddish brown stain on treatment with iodine are found 

 in the sporoplasm. Typical genus, Myxobolus Biitschli, 1882. 

 Order Microsporidia (Balbiani). — ^More or less amoeboid trophozoites. 

 The spores pyriform, very minute, and with only one polar cap- 

 sule, the latter being invisible in the living organism. Parasitic 

 in invertebrates, particularly Crustacea and other Arthropoda. 

 Cytozoic. 

 Family Glugeidae (Thelohan). — Having the characters of the order. 

 Group A. Polysporogenea (Doflein). — Many pansporoblasts are 

 produced by the trophozoite. Each gives rise to many spores. 

 Typical genus, Glugea (Nosema) Thelohan, 1891. 

 Group B. Oligosporogenea (Doflein). — A single pansporoblast is 

 produced by each trophozoite. Typical genus, Gurleya Do- 

 flein, 1898. 

 Order Actinomyxidia. — Members of this order are characterized by the 

 possession of a double cellular envelope, three polar capsules, and 

 eight spores that are arranged in ternary symmetry. Typical 

 genus, Hexactinomyxon Stole, 1899. 



" Calkins comments : "The characteristics distinguishing these two sub- 

 orders are not very definite and some more natural system should be worked 

 out with further knowledge of the group. Under the polysporous forms, 

 for example, Spherospora is exceptional in having nearly spherical spores." 

 155555 3 



