208 The Philippine Jownal of Science isis 



Subphylum SPOROZOA — Continued. 

 Class Neosporidia (Schaudinn) — Continued. 



Order Haplosporidia (Caull. and Mesnil). — A group of which little is 

 known concerning either the life histories or affinities. They are 

 grouped by Caullery and Mesnil as follows: 

 Family Haplosporidiidae (Caull. and Mesnil). — Parasites of annelids; 

 of amoeboid form. They reproduce by encapsulated merozoites, 

 which may bear spines or processes. Typical genus, Haplospor- 

 idium Caullery and Mesnil, 1905. 

 Family Bertramiidse (Caull. and Mesnil). — Includes two genera, Ber- 

 tramia and Ichthyosporidium, and with four species parasitic 

 in fish, annelids, and rotifers. Typical genus, Bertramia Caullery 

 and Mesnil, 1905. 

 Family Celosporidiidae (Caull. and Mesnil). — Includes three genera: 

 Celosporidium Mesnil and Marchoux, 1898; Polycaryum Stem- 

 pell, 1901; and (?) Blastididium Ch. Perez, 1903, mainly para- 

 sites of copepods. Doubtful forms, including the genera 

 Schewiakovella Caull. and Mesnil, 1905, parasite of Cyclops, 

 etc.; Chytridiopsis A. Schn., 1884, parasite of Tenebrio molitoi- 

 and of Blaps; Celosporidium Crawley, of Blattella germanica; 

 Lymphosporidium Calkins, 1898; and Rhinosporidium Minchin 

 and Fantham, the cause of nasal tumors in man. 

 Order Sarcosporidia. — Parasites in muscle cells of vertebrates. The 

 parasites occur in large sacklike spore cases (Miescher's tubules 

 or Rainey's capsules) with double membranes. Erdmann "'■ has 

 described an amoeboid phase and schizogony in the case of Sar- 

 cocystis muris, of the mouse. Crawley"' counsels the removal of 

 the Sarcosporidia to the Telosporidia on the conclusion that they 

 are related to the Coccidiida. One genus, Sarcocystis Lankester, 

 1882. 

 Subphylum rNFIJSORIA. — The most highly developed of the Protozoa. The 

 motile organs are in the form of flexible, vibratile, protoplasmic pro- 

 cesses known as cilia. These differ from flagella in being shorter. 

 The stroke, also, is different, being sharp and quick in the propulsive 

 movement and slower and less forceful on the recovery. In some 

 forms these cilia may be united to form cirri, membranelles, and 

 membranes. The cilia may be permanent or they may be limited to 

 young stages of the organism. Most forms show the presence of 

 dimorphic nuclei, the macronucleus (meganucleus) and the micro- 

 nucleus. Reproduction is by simple division, transverse to the long 

 axis of the cell, or by budding. The nutrition is of the holozoic type — 

 occasionally saprozoic. 

 Class Ciliata. — Cilia are present at all stages of the life cycle. Mouth 

 and anal pore usually present. A complex canal system is often 

 found in connection with the contractile vacuole. Reproduction by 

 transverse division. 



" Erdmann, Rhoda, Schizogony in the life cycle of Sarcocystis muris, 

 Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. (1915), 11, 152. 

 ^Nature (1917), 100, 250. 



