212 The Philippine Jownal of Science . i9i« 



Subphylum INFUSORIA — Continued. 

 Class Ciliata — Continued. 



Order Hypotrichida — Continued. 

 Family Oxytrichidas — Continued. 



Typical genera: Oxytricha Ehrenberg, 1830; Stylonychia Stein, 

 1859. 

 Family Euplotidae. — Cilia and frontal, marginal, and ventral cirri 

 greatly reduced. Anal cirri always present. The macronucleus 

 is band-shaped. Typical genus, Euplotes Stein, 1859. 

 Order Peritrichida. — The body is cylindrical or cup-shaped. The cilia 

 are reduced, generally, to those entering into the formation of the 

 adoral zone. Secondary rings of cilia may be present. Includes 

 some beautiful colonial forms. 

 Family Spirochonidae. — The peristome is drawn out to a peculiar 

 funnellike process, which may be either simple or rolled. Re- 

 production is by a process of budding. Parasitic forms. T5T)- 

 ical genus, Spirochona Stein, 1851. 

 Family lichnophoridse. — There is a secondary circlet of cilia around 

 the opposite end in addition to the adoral zone. The adoral 

 zone is a left-wound spiral. The family contains a single 

 genus, Lichnophora Claparede, 1867. It is parasitic on marine 

 arthropods. 

 Family Vorticellidas. — Peritrichous ciliates, attached or unattached. 

 Viewed from above the adoral zone forms a right-wound spiral. 

 The under end may show a secondary circlet of cilia, which may 

 be either temporarily or permanently present. 

 Subfamily TTrceolarinse. — The secondary circlet of cilia is per- 

 manent. It incloses an adhesive disk. There is no peristome 

 fold. Typical genus, Trichodina Stein, 1854. 

 Subfamily Vorticellidinae. — No permanent secondary circlet of cilia. 

 A sphincterlike, contractile, peristome fold incloses the peris- 

 tome. Typical genera: Vorticella Ehrenberg, 1838; Zootham- 

 nium Stein, 1854. 

 Class Suctoria (Acinetaria). — There are no cilia during the adult stages, 

 but they are present during the young or "embryonic" stage. The 

 cilia may be retained in a few cases. Tentacles, variously modified, 

 are present. Some of these are suctorial, some adapted for piercing. 

 Family Hypocomidae. — Permanently ciliated ventral surface and one 

 suctorial tentacle. They are unattached. Division transverse. 

 But one genus, Hypocoma Gruber, 1884. 

 Family Urnulidae. — Small attached forms giving rise to holotrichous 

 swarm. spores. May or may not be provided with a cup or theca. 

 There are one, two, or rarely more simple tentacles. Typical 

 genus, Urnnla Claparede and Lachmann, 1858. 

 Family Metacinetidae. — The animal lives in a theca or cup. The base 

 of this cup is drawn out to form a long stalk. The walls are per- 

 forated for the exit of the tentacles. But one genus, Metacineta 

 Biitschli, 1888. 

 Family Podophryidas. — The general shape is globular. There may or 

 may not be a stalk. There are nimierous tentacles distributed about 

 the entire surface, or they may be limited to the apical region. 



