X, A, 2 Heise: Water Supplies in the Philippines 143 



A large spring about 4 kilometers from Calapan, having an 

 estimated flow of 55 liters per minute throughout the dry season, 

 has been proposed as a source for the town supply. Although 

 the water is potable, the spring is so located that there might 

 be diflUculty in guarding it from future contamination, and its 

 elevation is so slight that a pump would probably have to be 

 installed to make the water available for municipal supply. 



There were formerly a number of sulphur springs at Calapan 

 which were used as baths. At the time of examination the 

 place pointed out as the site of the springs was a small swamp, 

 which contained a few small springs of clear saline water having 

 no odor of hydrogen sulphide. The temperature of the water 

 was 50° C. 



Naujan. — Naujan, which has a population of 7,000, has been 

 supplied with water through the efforts of the provincial author- 

 ities. Four flowing wells have been drilled, which give abundant 

 quantities of excellent water; two of these wells are cased with 

 3-inch pipe and two with 2-inch pipe. Unfortunately some local 

 prejudice seems to persist against their use, and the populace as 

 a whole still depends in a large measure on surface supplies and 

 on rain water; the latter, owing to improper methods of col- 

 lection and the custom of storing it in large uncovered earthen- 

 ware jars, is of questionable purity. 



The artesian waters, it is claimed, have the odor of hydrogen 

 sulphide at some seasons of the year, which may account for 

 their lack of popularity. 



Pola. — Pola is a town of less than 3,000 inhabitants, depending 

 for its water supply on open dug wells or shallow bored or 

 "punched" wells. The supply is very unsatisfactory, as it is 

 somewhat brackish and for the most part subject to contamina- 

 tion at all times. All the wells examined biologically gave 

 evidence of sewage pollution. Tiguihan River, a mountain 

 stream located a short distance from the town, promises to be a 

 satisfactory source of water. It drains an apparently unin- 

 habited area, has a volume large enough to insure an adequate 

 supply, and appears to have sufficient elevation to enable the 

 installation of a direct-gravity system. The water has an excel- 

 lent local reputation and seems to be entirely suitable for domes- 

 tic purposes. 



Pinamalayan. — Pinamalayan has a population of over 6,000, 

 and is greatly in need of a municipal water supply, as the surface 

 wells are all brackish and unsafe. The attempt to secure deep 

 wells has been unsuccessful, as only salt water was encountered 

 in any quantity, although drilling was continued to a depth of 



