X, A, 3 Smith: Reconnaissance of Mountain Pi^ovince 191 



The extreme low-country vegetation we no longer find anywhere 

 in this region. This is important to bear in mind in connection 

 with the fossil flora recently found at a high altitude and to which 

 reference will be made on a subsequent page, 



PEOPLE 



The indigenous peoples of this northern country are essentially 

 primitive and in most instances have been little influenced by 

 outsiders. While a considerable number of tribes and corre- 

 sponding dialects have been noted, they are ethnologically fairly 

 homogeneous. It will suflfice here to refer the reader to such 

 authorities as Worcester ^ and Jenks ' for fuller treatment. 



GENERAL GEOLOGY 



GENERAL STATEMENT 



A cross section from the west coast at Tagudin northeastward 

 to the edge of Cagayan Valley gives as good a general idea of 

 the formations and structure of the region as one could expect 

 to get by any procedure short of a detailed survey of the whole 

 country. Fig. 2 is a graphic attempt to record my interpretation 

 of the main facts. 



Near the west coast we find gently folded shales and sandstone 

 whose inclination increases as we go toward the Malaya Range, 

 being much contorted as we get well into the canon. The 

 Malaya Range is essentially a mass of porphyry or, to be more 

 exact, andesite. Some phases of it are aphanitic and are dis- 

 tinctly bluish green, indicating perhaps disseminated copper. 



The town of Cervantes is situated on a small tongue of high 

 ground between the Abra and one of its branches. The underly- 

 ing rocks are practically the same as those found in the highland 

 on both sides of the town. As we go toward Bontoc we find 

 the same andesitic mass with, however, several large outcrop- 

 pings of quartz. 



When we reach Baguan and Sagada we find tuffs and reef 

 limestones overlying this igneous mass. These tuflTs dip 20° + 

 to the southeast, and although they are topographically higher 

 than the limestones, in places the limestones lie stratigraphic- 

 ally above the tuffs. Subsidence of limestone would explain 

 this. 



From Sagada to Bontoc extrusive rocks, almost entirely an- 



^ The non-Christian tribes of Northern Luzon, This Journal (1906), 1, 

 791-875. 



'The Bontoc Igorot, Pub. P. I. Ethnol. Sur. (1905), 1. 



