X, A. 3 Smith: Reconnaissance of Mountaiyi Province 197 



MENISPERMACEAE 



Anamirta cocculus W. & A. (Suma). 



Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes. 

 India to Malaya. 



CYPERACEAE 



Mapania humilis F.-Vill. 



The identification is not certain. The species is found throughout the 

 Philippines in mixed forests from sea level to 600 meters and is abundant 

 locally. The impression may be that of a leaflet of Calamus sp. (Palmae). 



INDETERMINABLE 



Cast of a fruit that conceivably may be that of a more or less distorted 

 Ptey-ospermum ( Sterculiaceae) . 



Faint impression of a crushed stem or a monocotyledonous leaf. Quite 

 indeterminable. 



Imperfect remains of several other kinds of leaves, the material quite 

 indeterminable. 



These tuff beds are in all likelihood equivalent to the great 

 series of tuft' beds in Java in which Pithecanthropus erectus Du 

 Bois was found, and which were once thought to be Pliocene, but 

 have recently been shown by Schuster ^ to be Pleistocene. 

 Schuster bases his conclusions upon the plant remains inclosed 

 in the strata. Special attention is invited to Plate XXVII of 

 Schuster's work, where a graphic section of the tuff strata 

 exposed at Trinil is given. 



The conclusion to be drawn from the presence of these fossil 

 leaves is clearly that there has been very recent and very 

 pronounced elevation in this part of Luzon. It does not argue 

 a change in climate in the Philippine region other than that at- 

 tendant upon a change of elevation. All the evidence we now 

 have points to the fact that there probably has been little 

 or no regional change in climate throughout the Tertiary and 

 Post-Tertiary in this part of the world. The fact that the 

 nipa palm, now growing in the Philippines, is found fossilized 

 in the London clay (Miocene) indicates that essentially Tertiary 

 conditions still prevail in this part of the world. 



In 1911 there was a landslide of considerable extent in this 

 region, due probably in part to the tuff and in part to the lime- 

 stone as indicated in the diagram in fig. 4. The subsidence 

 amounted to as much as 15 meters in places and carried the 

 entire village of Ambasing with it. The line of the fault can 

 still be seen on the hillside. The area affected is about 2.5 square 

 kilometers. 



' Schuster, Julius, Monographie der Fossilen der Pithecanthropus Schich- 

 ten, Abh. d. k. bayr. Akad. Wiss. (1911), 25, Abh. 6. 



