202 ^'*^ Philippine Journal of Science ms 



in sedimentation were so rapid as to preclude the formation 

 of workable thicknesses of coal. Farther east in the syncline 

 occupied by Cagayan Valley, where quieter conditions prevailed 

 and gradual subsidence took place, coal deposits could and did 

 form/" 



Lime. — As limestone is found at many points in the province, 

 if not always in place, in stream bowlders in great numbers, an 

 abundance of lime could be made. At present practically the 

 only limestone burned is at the Sagada Mission, where Father 

 Staunton has installed two iron kilns of foreign make. As al- 

 ready mentioned, there is an abundance of pure white (and some 

 reddish) limestone belonging to the Pliocene epoch, which makes 

 a very good lime. According to Mr. McBrust a very good 

 hydraulic lime is secured by burning the red variety. The 

 supply is practically all used locally. 



Oil. — As yet no oil seeps have been reported from this part 

 of Luzon, but it is not improbable that such may be found in 

 the sedimentary area in the eastern part of this region where 

 the structure is not unfavorable. 



Salt. — The three best-known salt springs in this region are, 

 beginning at the south: 



1. Salinas, located in the Asin Valley. This has been described 

 by Cox." 



2. Mainit, located about 12 kilometers northwest of Bontoc, 

 which has been described by Jenks.*- 



3. Balotoc, located about 10 kilometers east from Lubuagan. 

 The trail to Balotoc is about 20 kilometers long, and the traveling 

 is pretty rough in places. This spring differs verj- materially 

 from the other two in that in the first two there is a consider- 

 able deposit of calcareous and siliceous sinter with a small amount 

 of salt, whereas in the latter there is no appreciable deposition 

 of sinter, but the water as it issues from the spring seems to 

 be saturated with salt. The process of concentrating the salt 

 for use is, therefore, a very simple one, as the natives simply 

 run the water through bamboo tubes into caldrons, where the 

 water is evaporated by boiling. At Mainit and Salinas the opera- 

 tion requires as much as three months, while at Balotoc only a day 

 or so is necessary. The headman at this place told us that 

 he recovered seven packages, of about 5 kilograms each, per 

 week in one caldron. 



"Cf. Ferguson, H. G., This Journal, Sec. A (1908), 3, 535. 

 "Min. Res. P. I. for 1911 (1912), 63. 

 '-° Op. cit. 



